diff --git a/include/uapi/linux/bpf.h b/include/uapi/linux/bpf.h
index 59a217ca2dfd..4eff7fc7ae58 100644
--- a/include/uapi/linux/bpf.h
+++ b/include/uapi/linux/bpf.h
@@ -1233,7 +1233,7 @@ enum {
 
 /* Query effective (directly attached + inherited from ancestor cgroups)
  * programs that will be executed for events within a cgroup.
- * attach_flags with this flag are returned only for directly attached programs.
+ * attach_flags with this flag are always returned 0.
  */
 #define BPF_F_QUERY_EFFECTIVE	(1U << 0)
 
@@ -1432,7 +1432,10 @@ union bpf_attr {
 		__u32		attach_flags;
 		__aligned_u64	prog_ids;
 		__u32		prog_cnt;
-		__aligned_u64	prog_attach_flags; /* output: per-program attach_flags */
+		/* output: per-program attach_flags.
+		 * not allowed to be set during effective query.
+		 */
+		__aligned_u64	prog_attach_flags;
 	} query;
 
 	struct { /* anonymous struct used by BPF_RAW_TRACEPOINT_OPEN command */
diff --git a/kernel/bpf/cgroup.c b/kernel/bpf/cgroup.c
index 4a400cd63731..22888aaa68b6 100644
--- a/kernel/bpf/cgroup.c
+++ b/kernel/bpf/cgroup.c
@@ -1020,6 +1020,7 @@ static int __cgroup_bpf_query(struct cgroup *cgrp, const union bpf_attr *attr,
 			      union bpf_attr __user *uattr)
 {
 	__u32 __user *prog_attach_flags = u64_to_user_ptr(attr->query.prog_attach_flags);
+	bool effective_query = attr->query.query_flags & BPF_F_QUERY_EFFECTIVE;
 	__u32 __user *prog_ids = u64_to_user_ptr(attr->query.prog_ids);
 	enum bpf_attach_type type = attr->query.attach_type;
 	enum cgroup_bpf_attach_type from_atype, to_atype;
@@ -1029,8 +1030,12 @@ static int __cgroup_bpf_query(struct cgroup *cgrp, const union bpf_attr *attr,
 	int total_cnt = 0;
 	u32 flags;
 
+	if (effective_query && prog_attach_flags)
+		return -EINVAL;
+
 	if (type == BPF_LSM_CGROUP) {
-		if (attr->query.prog_cnt && prog_ids && !prog_attach_flags)
+		if (!effective_query && attr->query.prog_cnt &&
+		    prog_ids && !prog_attach_flags)
 			return -EINVAL;
 
 		from_atype = CGROUP_LSM_START;
@@ -1045,7 +1050,7 @@ static int __cgroup_bpf_query(struct cgroup *cgrp, const union bpf_attr *attr,
 	}
 
 	for (atype = from_atype; atype <= to_atype; atype++) {
-		if (attr->query.query_flags & BPF_F_QUERY_EFFECTIVE) {
+		if (effective_query) {
 			effective = rcu_dereference_protected(cgrp->bpf.effective[atype],
 							      lockdep_is_held(&cgroup_mutex));
 			total_cnt += bpf_prog_array_length(effective);
@@ -1054,6 +1059,8 @@ static int __cgroup_bpf_query(struct cgroup *cgrp, const union bpf_attr *attr,
 		}
 	}
 
+	/* always output uattr->query.attach_flags as 0 during effective query */
+	flags = effective_query ? 0 : flags;
 	if (copy_to_user(&uattr->query.attach_flags, &flags, sizeof(flags)))
 		return -EFAULT;
 	if (copy_to_user(&uattr->query.prog_cnt, &total_cnt, sizeof(total_cnt)))
@@ -1068,7 +1075,7 @@ static int __cgroup_bpf_query(struct cgroup *cgrp, const union bpf_attr *attr,
 	}
 
 	for (atype = from_atype; atype <= to_atype && total_cnt; atype++) {
-		if (attr->query.query_flags & BPF_F_QUERY_EFFECTIVE) {
+		if (effective_query) {
 			effective = rcu_dereference_protected(cgrp->bpf.effective[atype],
 							      lockdep_is_held(&cgroup_mutex));
 			cnt = min_t(int, bpf_prog_array_length(effective), total_cnt);
@@ -1090,15 +1097,16 @@ static int __cgroup_bpf_query(struct cgroup *cgrp, const union bpf_attr *attr,
 				if (++i == cnt)
 					break;
 			}
-		}
 
-		if (prog_attach_flags) {
-			flags = cgrp->bpf.flags[atype];
+			if (prog_attach_flags) {
+				flags = cgrp->bpf.flags[atype];
 
-			for (i = 0; i < cnt; i++)
-				if (copy_to_user(prog_attach_flags + i, &flags, sizeof(flags)))
-					return -EFAULT;
-			prog_attach_flags += cnt;
+				for (i = 0; i < cnt; i++)
+					if (copy_to_user(prog_attach_flags + i,
+							 &flags, sizeof(flags)))
+						return -EFAULT;
+				prog_attach_flags += cnt;
+			}
 		}
 
 		prog_ids += cnt;
diff --git a/tools/bpf/bpftool/cgroup.c b/tools/bpf/bpftool/cgroup.c
index cced668fb2a3..b46a998d8f8d 100644
--- a/tools/bpf/bpftool/cgroup.c
+++ b/tools/bpf/bpftool/cgroup.c
@@ -136,8 +136,8 @@ static int show_bpf_prog(int id, enum bpf_attach_type attach_type,
 			jsonw_string_field(json_wtr, "attach_type", attach_type_str);
 		else
 			jsonw_uint_field(json_wtr, "attach_type", attach_type);
-		jsonw_string_field(json_wtr, "attach_flags",
-				   attach_flags_str);
+		if (!(query_flags & BPF_F_QUERY_EFFECTIVE))
+			jsonw_string_field(json_wtr, "attach_flags", attach_flags_str);
 		jsonw_string_field(json_wtr, "name", prog_name);
 		if (attach_btf_name)
 			jsonw_string_field(json_wtr, "attach_btf_name", attach_btf_name);
@@ -150,7 +150,10 @@ static int show_bpf_prog(int id, enum bpf_attach_type attach_type,
 			printf("%-15s", attach_type_str);
 		else
 			printf("type %-10u", attach_type);
-		printf(" %-15s %-15s", attach_flags_str, prog_name);
+		if (query_flags & BPF_F_QUERY_EFFECTIVE)
+			printf(" %-15s", prog_name);
+		else
+			printf(" %-15s %-15s", attach_flags_str, prog_name);
 		if (attach_btf_name)
 			printf(" %-15s", attach_btf_name);
 		else if (info.attach_btf_id)
@@ -195,6 +198,32 @@ static int cgroup_has_attached_progs(int cgroup_fd)
 
 	return no_prog ? 0 : 1;
 }
+
+static int show_effective_bpf_progs(int cgroup_fd, enum bpf_attach_type type,
+				    int level)
+{
+	LIBBPF_OPTS(bpf_prog_query_opts, p);
+	__u32 prog_ids[1024] = {0};
+	__u32 iter;
+	int ret;
+
+	p.query_flags = query_flags;
+	p.prog_cnt = ARRAY_SIZE(prog_ids);
+	p.prog_ids = prog_ids;
+
+	ret = bpf_prog_query_opts(cgroup_fd, type, &p);
+	if (ret)
+		return ret;
+
+	if (p.prog_cnt == 0)
+		return 0;
+
+	for (iter = 0; iter < p.prog_cnt; iter++)
+		show_bpf_prog(prog_ids[iter], type, NULL, level);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
 static int show_attached_bpf_progs(int cgroup_fd, enum bpf_attach_type type,
 				   int level)
 {
@@ -245,6 +274,14 @@ static int show_attached_bpf_progs(int cgroup_fd, enum bpf_attach_type type,
 	return 0;
 }
 
+static int show_bpf_progs(int cgroup_fd, enum bpf_attach_type type,
+			  int level)
+{
+	return query_flags & BPF_F_QUERY_EFFECTIVE ?
+	       show_effective_bpf_progs(cgroup_fd, type, level) :
+	       show_attached_bpf_progs(cgroup_fd, type, level);
+}
+
 static int do_show(int argc, char **argv)
 {
 	enum bpf_attach_type type;
@@ -292,6 +329,8 @@ static int do_show(int argc, char **argv)
 
 	if (json_output)
 		jsonw_start_array(json_wtr);
+	else if (query_flags & BPF_F_QUERY_EFFECTIVE)
+		printf("%-8s %-15s %-15s\n", "ID", "AttachType", "Name");
 	else
 		printf("%-8s %-15s %-15s %-15s\n", "ID", "AttachType",
 		       "AttachFlags", "Name");
@@ -304,7 +343,7 @@ static int do_show(int argc, char **argv)
 		 * If we were able to get the show for at least one
 		 * attach type, let's return 0.
 		 */
-		if (show_attached_bpf_progs(cgroup_fd, type, 0) == 0)
+		if (show_bpf_progs(cgroup_fd, type, 0) == 0)
 			ret = 0;
 	}
 
@@ -362,7 +401,7 @@ static int do_show_tree_fn(const char *fpath, const struct stat *sb,
 
 	btf_vmlinux = libbpf_find_kernel_btf();
 	for (type = 0; type < __MAX_BPF_ATTACH_TYPE; type++)
-		show_attached_bpf_progs(cgroup_fd, type, ftw->level);
+		show_bpf_progs(cgroup_fd, type, ftw->level);
 
 	if (errno == EINVAL)
 		/* Last attach type does not support query.
@@ -436,6 +475,11 @@ static int do_show_tree(int argc, char **argv)
 
 	if (json_output)
 		jsonw_start_array(json_wtr);
+	else if (query_flags & BPF_F_QUERY_EFFECTIVE)
+		printf("%s\n"
+		       "%-8s %-15s %-15s\n",
+		       "CgroupPath",
+		       "ID", "AttachType", "Name");
 	else
 		printf("%s\n"
 		       "%-8s %-15s %-15s %-15s\n",
diff --git a/tools/include/uapi/linux/bpf.h b/tools/include/uapi/linux/bpf.h
index 59a217ca2dfd..4eff7fc7ae58 100644
--- a/tools/include/uapi/linux/bpf.h
+++ b/tools/include/uapi/linux/bpf.h
@@ -1233,7 +1233,7 @@ enum {
 
 /* Query effective (directly attached + inherited from ancestor cgroups)
  * programs that will be executed for events within a cgroup.
- * attach_flags with this flag are returned only for directly attached programs.
+ * attach_flags with this flag are always returned 0.
  */
 #define BPF_F_QUERY_EFFECTIVE	(1U << 0)
 
@@ -1432,7 +1432,10 @@ union bpf_attr {
 		__u32		attach_flags;
 		__aligned_u64	prog_ids;
 		__u32		prog_cnt;
-		__aligned_u64	prog_attach_flags; /* output: per-program attach_flags */
+		/* output: per-program attach_flags.
+		 * not allowed to be set during effective query.
+		 */
+		__aligned_u64	prog_attach_flags;
 	} query;
 
 	struct { /* anonymous struct used by BPF_RAW_TRACEPOINT_OPEN command */
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/cgroup_link.c b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/cgroup_link.c
index 9e6e6aad347c..15093a69510e 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/cgroup_link.c
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/cgroup_link.c
@@ -71,10 +71,9 @@ void serial_test_cgroup_link(void)
 
 	ping_and_check(cg_nr, 0);
 
-	/* query the number of effective progs and attach flags in root cg */
+	/* query the number of attached progs and attach flags in root cg */
 	err = bpf_prog_query(cgs[0].fd, BPF_CGROUP_INET_EGRESS,
-			     BPF_F_QUERY_EFFECTIVE, &attach_flags, NULL,
-			     &prog_cnt);
+			     0, &attach_flags, NULL, &prog_cnt);
 	CHECK_FAIL(err);
 	CHECK_FAIL(attach_flags != BPF_F_ALLOW_MULTI);
 	if (CHECK(prog_cnt != 1, "effect_cnt", "exp %d, got %d\n", 1, prog_cnt))
@@ -85,17 +84,15 @@ void serial_test_cgroup_link(void)
 			     BPF_F_QUERY_EFFECTIVE, NULL, NULL,
 			     &prog_cnt);
 	CHECK_FAIL(err);
-	CHECK_FAIL(attach_flags != BPF_F_ALLOW_MULTI);
 	if (CHECK(prog_cnt != cg_nr, "effect_cnt", "exp %d, got %d\n",
 		  cg_nr, prog_cnt))
 		goto cleanup;
 
 	/* query the effective prog IDs in last cg */
 	err = bpf_prog_query(cgs[last_cg].fd, BPF_CGROUP_INET_EGRESS,
-			     BPF_F_QUERY_EFFECTIVE, &attach_flags,
-			     prog_ids, &prog_cnt);
+			     BPF_F_QUERY_EFFECTIVE, NULL, prog_ids,
+			     &prog_cnt);
 	CHECK_FAIL(err);
-	CHECK_FAIL(attach_flags != BPF_F_ALLOW_MULTI);
 	if (CHECK(prog_cnt != cg_nr, "effect_cnt", "exp %d, got %d\n",
 		  cg_nr, prog_cnt))
 		goto cleanup;