[[use-elasticsearch-for-time-series-data]]
== Use {es} for time series data

{es} offers features to help you store, manage, and search time series data,
such as logs and metrics. Once in {es}, you can analyze and visualize your data
using {kib} and other {stack} features.

[discrete]
[[set-up-data-tiers]]
=== Set up data tiers

{es}'s <<index-lifecycle-management,{ilm-init}>> feature uses <<data-tiers,data
tiers>> to automatically move older data to nodes with less expensive hardware
as it ages. This helps improve performance and reduce storage costs.

The hot and content tiers are required. The warm, cold, and frozen tiers are
optional.

Use high-performance nodes in the hot and warm tiers for faster
indexing and faster searches on your most recent data. Use slower, less
expensive nodes in the cold and frozen tiers to reduce costs.

The content tier is not typically used for time series data. However, it's
required to create system indices and other indices that aren't part of a data
stream.

The steps for setting up data tiers vary based on your deployment type:

include::{es-ref-dir}/tab-widgets/data-tiers-widget.asciidoc[]

[discrete]
[[register-snapshot-repository]]
=== Register a snapshot repository

The cold and frozen tiers can use <<searchable-snapshots,{search-snaps}>> to
reduce local storage costs.

To use {search-snaps}, you must register a supported snapshot repository. The
steps for registering this repository vary based on your deployment type and
storage provider:

include::{es-ref-dir}/tab-widgets/snapshot-repo-widget.asciidoc[]

[discrete]
[[create-edit-index-lifecycle-policy]]
=== Create or edit an index lifecycle policy

A <<data-streams,data stream>> stores your data across multiple backing
indices. {ilm-init} uses an <<ilm-index-lifecycle,index lifecycle policy>> to
automatically move these indices through your data tiers.

If you use {fleet} or {agent}, edit one of {es}'s built-in lifecycle policies.
If you use a custom application, create your own policy. In either case,
ensure your policy:

* Includes a phase for each data tier you've configured.
* Calculates the threshold, or `min_age`, for phase transition from rollover.
* Uses {search-snaps} in the cold and frozen phases, if wanted.
* Includes a delete phase, if needed.

include::{es-ref-dir}/tab-widgets/ilm-widget.asciidoc[]

[discrete]
[[create-ts-component-templates]]
=== Create component templates

TIP: If you use {fleet} or {agent}, skip to <<search-visualize-your-data>>.
{fleet} and {agent} use built-in templates to create data streams for you.

If you use a custom application, you need to set up your own data stream.
include::{es-ref-dir}/data-streams/set-up-a-data-stream.asciidoc[tag=ds-create-component-templates]

[discrete]
[[create-ts-index-template]]
=== Create an index template

include::{es-ref-dir}/data-streams/set-up-a-data-stream.asciidoc[tag=ds-create-index-template]

[discrete]
[[add-data-to-data-stream]]
=== Add data to a data stream

include::{es-ref-dir}/data-streams/set-up-a-data-stream.asciidoc[tag=ds-create-data-stream]

[discrete]
[[search-visualize-your-data]]
=== Search and visualize your data

To explore and search your data in {kib}, open the main menu and select
**Discover**. See {kib}'s {kibana-ref}/discover.html[Discover documentation].

Use {kib}'s **Dashboard** feature to visualize your data in a chart, table, map,
and more. See {kib}'s {kibana-ref}/dashboard.html[Dashboard documentation].

You can also search and aggregate your data using the <<search-search,search
API>>. Use <<runtime-search-request,runtime fields>> and <<grok,grok
patterns>> to dynamically extract data from log messages and other unstructured
content at search time.

[source,console]
----
GET my-data-stream/_search
{
  "runtime_mappings": {
    "source.ip": {
      "type": "ip",
      "script": """
        String sourceip=grok('%{IPORHOST:sourceip} .*').extract(doc[ "message" ].value)?.sourceip;
        if (sourceip != null) emit(sourceip);
      """
    }
  },
  "query": {
    "bool": {
      "filter": [
        {
          "range": {
            "@timestamp": {
              "gte": "now-1d/d",
              "lt": "now/d"
            }
          }
        },
        {
          "range": {
            "source.ip": {
              "gte": "192.0.2.0",
              "lte": "192.0.2.255"
            }
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  "fields": [
    "*"
  ],
  "_source": false,
  "sort": [
    {
      "@timestamp": "desc"
    },
    {
      "source.ip": "desc"
    }
  ]
}
----
// TEST[setup:my_data_stream]
// TEST[teardown:data_stream_cleanup]

{es} searches are synchronous by default. Searches across frozen data, long time
ranges, or large datasets may take longer. Use the <<submit-async-search,async
search API>> to run searches in the background. For more search options, see
<<search-your-data>>.

[source,console]
----
POST my-data-stream/_async_search
{
  "runtime_mappings": {
    "source.ip": {
      "type": "ip",
      "script": """
        String sourceip=grok('%{IPORHOST:sourceip} .*').extract(doc[ "message" ].value)?.sourceip;
        if (sourceip != null) emit(sourceip);
      """
    }
  },
  "query": {
    "bool": {
      "filter": [
        {
          "range": {
            "@timestamp": {
              "gte": "now-2y/d",
              "lt": "now/d"
            }
          }
        },
        {
          "range": {
            "source.ip": {
              "gte": "192.0.2.0",
              "lte": "192.0.2.255"
            }
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  "fields": [
    "*"
  ],
  "_source": false,
  "sort": [
    {
      "@timestamp": "desc"
    },
    {
      "source.ip": "desc"
    }
  ]
}
----
// TEST[setup:my_data_stream]
// TEST[teardown:data_stream_cleanup]