[[doc-values]]
=== `doc_values`

Most fields are <<mapping-index,indexed>> by default, which makes them
searchable. The inverted index allows queries to look up the search term in
unique sorted list of terms, and from that immediately have access to the list
of documents that contain the term.

Sorting, aggregations, and access to field values in scripts requires a
different data access pattern. Instead of looking up the term and finding
documents, we need to be able to look up the document and find the terms that
it has in a field.

The `doc_values` field is an on-disk data structure that is built at index time and
enables efficient data access. It stores the same values as 
`_source`, but in a column-oriented format that is more efficient for
sorting and aggregations. 

Doc values are supported on most field types,
excluding `text` and `annotated_text` fields. See also <<doc-values-disable>>.

[[doc-value-only-fields]]
==== Doc-value-only fields

<<number,Numeric types>>, <<date,date types>>, the <<boolean,boolean type>>,
<<ip,ip type>>, <<geo-point,geo_point type>> and the <<keyword,keyword type>>
can also be queried when they are not <<mapping-index,indexed>> but only
have doc values enabled.
Query performance on doc values is much slower than on index structures, but
offers an interesting tradeoff between disk usage and query performance for
fields that are only rarely queried and where query performance is not as
important. This makes doc-value-only fields a good fit for fields that are
not expected to be normally used for filtering, for example gauges or
counters on metric data.

Doc-value-only fields can be configured as follows:

[source,console]
--------------------------------------------------
PUT my-index-000001
{
  "mappings": {
    "properties": {
      "status_code": { <1>
        "type":  "long"
      },
      "session_id": { <2>
        "type":  "long",
        "index": false
      }
    }
  }
}
--------------------------------------------------

<1> The `status_code` field is a regular long field.
<2> The `session_id` field has `index` disabled, and is therefore a
    doc-value-only long field as doc values are enabled by default.

[[doc-values-disable]]
==== Disabling doc values

For all fields that support them, `doc_values` are enabled by default. In 
some field types, such as <<search-as-you-type,`search_as_you_type`>>, 
`doc_values` appear in API responses but can't be configured. Setting 
`doc_values` for these fields might result in an error or have no effect.

If you're
certain you don't need to sort or aggregate on a field or access its
value from a script, you can disable `doc_values` in order to save disk space:

[source,console]
--------------------------------------------------
PUT my-index-000001
{
  "mappings": {
    "properties": {
      "status_code": { <1>
        "type":       "keyword"
      },
      "session_id": { <2>
        "type":       "keyword",
        "doc_values": false
      }
    }
  }
}
--------------------------------------------------

<1> The `status_code` field has `doc_values` enabled by default.
<2> The `session_id` has `doc_values` disabled, but can still be queried.

NOTE: You cannot disable doc values for <<wildcard-field-type,`wildcard`>>
fields.