[[modules-discovery-bootstrap-cluster]] === Bootstrapping a cluster Starting an Elasticsearch cluster for the very first time requires the initial set of <> to be explicitly defined on one or more of the master-eligible nodes in the cluster. This is known as _cluster bootstrapping_. This is only required the first time a cluster starts up: nodes that have already joined a cluster store this information in their data folder for use in a <>, and freshly-started nodes that are joining a running cluster obtain this information from the cluster's elected master. The initial set of master-eligible nodes is defined in the <>. This should be set to a list containing one of the following items for each master-eligible node: - The <> of the node. - The node's hostname if `node.name` is not set, because `node.name` defaults to the node's hostname. You must use either the fully-qualified hostname or the bare hostname <>. - The IP address of the node's <>, if it is not possible to use the `node.name` of the node. This is normally the IP address to which <> resolves but <>. - The IP address and port of the node's publish address, in the form `IP:PORT`, if it is not possible to use the `node.name` of the node and there are multiple nodes sharing a single IP address. When you start a master-eligible node, you can provide this setting on the command line or in the `elasticsearch.yml` file. After the cluster has formed, remove this setting from each node's configuration. It should not be set for master-ineligible nodes, master-eligible nodes joining an existing cluster, or when restarting one or more nodes. It is technically sufficient to set `cluster.initial_master_nodes` on a single master-eligible node in the cluster, and only to mention that single node in the setting's value, but this provides no fault tolerance before the cluster has fully formed. It is therefore better to bootstrap using at least three master-eligible nodes, each with a `cluster.initial_master_nodes` setting containing all three nodes. WARNING: You must set `cluster.initial_master_nodes` to the same list of nodes on each node on which it is set in order to be sure that only a single cluster forms during bootstrapping and therefore to avoid the risk of data loss. For a cluster with 3 master-eligible nodes (with <> `master-a`, `master-b` and `master-c`) the configuration will look as follows: [source,yaml] -------------------------------------------------- cluster.initial_master_nodes: - master-a - master-b - master-c -------------------------------------------------- Like all node settings, it is also possible to specify the initial set of master nodes on the command-line that is used to start Elasticsearch: [source,bash] -------------------------------------------------- bin/elasticsearch -E cluster.initial_master_nodes=master-a,master-b,master-c -------------------------------------------------- [[modules-discovery-bootstrap-cluster-fqdns]] .Node name formats must match **** The node names used in the `cluster.initial_master_nodes` list must exactly match the `node.name` properties of the nodes. By default the node name is set to the machine's hostname which may or may not be fully-qualified depending on your system configuration. If each node name is a fully-qualified domain name such as `master-a.example.com` then you must use fully-qualified domain names in the `cluster.initial_master_nodes` list too; conversely if your node names are bare hostnames (without the `.example.com` suffix) then you must use bare hostnames in the `cluster.initial_master_nodes` list. If you use a mix of fully-qualified and bare hostnames, or there is some other mismatch between `node.name` and `cluster.initial_master_nodes`, then the cluster will not form successfully and you will see log messages like the following. [source,text] -------------------------------------------------- [master-a.example.com] master not discovered yet, this node has not previously joined a bootstrapped (v7+) cluster, and this node must discover master-eligible nodes [master-a, master-b] to bootstrap a cluster: have discovered [{master-b.example.com}{... -------------------------------------------------- This message shows the node names `master-a.example.com` and `master-b.example.com` as well as the `cluster.initial_master_nodes` entries `master-a` and `master-b`, and it is clear from this message that they do not match exactly. **** [[bootstrap-cluster-name]] ==== Choosing a cluster name The <> setting enables you to create multiple clusters which are separated from each other. Nodes verify that they agree on their cluster name when they first connect to each other, and Elasticsearch will only form a cluster from nodes that all have the same cluster name. The default value for the cluster name is `elasticsearch`, but it is recommended to change this to reflect the logical name of the cluster. [[bootstrap-auto-bootstrap]] ==== Auto-bootstrapping in development mode By default each node will automatically bootstrap itself into a single-node cluster the first time it starts. If any of the following settings are configured then auto-bootstrapping will not take place: * `discovery.seed_providers` * `discovery.seed_hosts` * `cluster.initial_master_nodes` To add a new node into an existing cluster, configure `discovery.seed_hosts` or other relevant discovery settings so that the new node can discover the existing master-eligible nodes in the cluster. To bootstrap a new multi-node cluster, configure `cluster.initial_master_nodes` as described in the <> as well as `discovery.seed_hosts` or other relevant discovery settings. [[modules-discovery-bootstrap-cluster-joining]] .Forming a single cluster **** Once an {es} node has joined an existing cluster, or bootstrapped a new cluster, it will not join a different cluster. {es} will not merge separate clusters together after they have formed, even if you subsequently try and configure all the nodes into a single cluster. This is because there is no way to merge these separate clusters together without a risk of data loss. You can tell that you have formed separate clusters by checking the cluster UUID reported by `GET /` on each node. If you intended to add a node into an existing cluster but instead bootstrapped a separate single-node cluster then you must start again: . Shut down the node. . Completely wipe the node by deleting the contents of its <>. . Configure `discovery.seed_hosts` or `discovery.seed_providers` and other relevant discovery settings. . Restart the node and verify that it joins the existing cluster rather than forming its own one-node cluster. If you intended to form a new multi-node cluster but instead bootstrapped a collection of single-node clusters then you must start again: . Shut down all the nodes. . Completely wipe each node by deleting the contents of their <>. . Configure `cluster.initial_master_nodes` as described above. . Configure `discovery.seed_hosts` or `discovery.seed_providers` and other relevant discovery settings. . Restart all the nodes and verify that they have formed a single cluster. ****