[[indices-refresh]]
=== Refresh API
++++
<titleabbrev>Refresh</titleabbrev>
++++

A refresh makes recent operations performed on one or more indices available for
search. For data streams, the API runs the refresh operation on the stream's
backing indices. For more information about the refresh operation, see
<<near-real-time>>.

[source,console]
----
POST /my-index-000001/_refresh
----
// TEST[setup:my_index]


[[refresh-api-request]]
==== {api-request-title}

`POST <target>/_refresh`

`GET <target>/_refresh`

`POST /_refresh`

`GET /_refresh`

[[refresh-api-prereqs]]
==== {api-prereq-title}

* If the {es} {security-features} are enabled, you must have the `maintenance`
or `manage` <<privileges-list-indices,index privilege>> for the target data
stream, index, or alias.

[[refresh-api-desc]]
==== {api-description-title}

Use the refresh API to explicitly make all operations performed on one or more
indices since the last refresh available for search.
If the request targets a data stream, it refreshes the stream's backing indices.

// tag::refresh-interval-default[]
By default, Elasticsearch periodically refreshes indices every second, but only on
indices that have received one search request or more in the last 30 seconds.
// end::refresh-interval-default[]
You can change this default interval
using the <<index-refresh-interval-setting,`index.refresh_interval`>> setting.

Refresh requests are synchronous and do not return a response until the
refresh operation completes.

[IMPORTANT]
====
Refreshes are resource-intensive.
To ensure good cluster performance,
we recommend waiting for {es}'s periodic refresh
rather than performing an explicit refresh
when possible.

If your application workflow
indexes documents and then runs a search
to retrieve the indexed document,
we recommend using the <<docs-index_,index API>>'s
`refresh=wait_for` query parameter option.
This option ensures the indexing operation waits
for a periodic refresh
before running the search.
====

[[refresh-api-path-params]]
==== {api-path-parms-title}

`<target>`::
(Optional, string)
Comma-separated list of data streams, indices, and aliases used to limit
the request. Supports wildcards (`*`). To target all data streams and indices,
omit this parameter or use `*` or `_all`.

[[refresh-api-query-params]]
==== {api-query-parms-title}

include::{es-ref-dir}/rest-api/common-parms.asciidoc[tag=allow-no-indices]
+
Defaults to `true`.

include::{es-ref-dir}/rest-api/common-parms.asciidoc[tag=expand-wildcards]
+
Defaults to `open`.

include::{es-ref-dir}/rest-api/common-parms.asciidoc[tag=index-ignore-unavailable]


[[refresh-api-example]]
==== {api-examples-title}


[[refresh-api-multiple-ex]]
===== Refresh several data streams and indices

[source,console]
----
POST /my-index-000001,my-index-000002/_refresh
----
// TEST[s/^/PUT my-index-000001\nPUT my-index-000002\n/]


[[refresh-api-all-ex]]
===== Refresh all data streams and indices in a cluster

[source,console]
----
POST /_refresh
----