[discrete]
[[esql-row]]
=== `ROW`

The `ROW` source command produces a row with one or more columns with values
that you specify. This can be useful for testing.

**Syntax**

[source,esql]
----
ROW column1 = value1[, ..., columnN = valueN]
----

*Parameters*

`columnX`::
The column name.
In case of duplicate column names, only the rightmost duplicate creates a column.

`valueX`::
The value for the column. Can be a literal, an expression, or a
<<esql-functions,function>>.

*Examples*

[source.merge.styled,esql]
----
include::{esql-specs}/row.csv-spec[tag=example]
----
[%header.monospaced.styled,format=dsv,separator=|]
|===
include::{esql-specs}/row.csv-spec[tag=example-result]
|===

Use square brackets to create multi-value columns:

[source,esql]
----
include::{esql-specs}/row.csv-spec[tag=multivalue]
----

`ROW` supports the use of <<esql-functions,functions>>:

[source,esql]
----
include::{esql-specs}/row.csv-spec[tag=function]
----