Use Strings.format instead of String.format(Locale.ROOT, ...) in tests (#92106)

Use local-independent `Strings.format` method instead of `String.format(Locale.ROOT, ...)`. 
Inline `ESTestCase.forbidden` calls with `Strings.format` for the consistency sake.
Add `Strings.format` alias in `common.Strings`

distribution/tools/plugin-cli/src/test/java/org/elasticsearch/plugins/cli/InstallPluginActionTests.java

@@ -43,6 +43,7 @@ import org.elasticsearch.common.io.FileSystemUtils;
 import org.elasticsearch.common.settings.Settings;
 import org.elasticsearch.core.PathUtils;
 import org.elasticsearch.core.PathUtilsForTesting;
+import org.elasticsearch.core.Strings;
 import org.elasticsearch.core.SuppressForbidden;
 import org.elasticsearch.core.Tuple;
 import org.elasticsearch.env.Environment;
@@ -505,7 +506,7 @@ public class InstallPluginActionTests extends ESTestCase {
         final Path removing = env.v2().pluginsFile().resolve(".removing-failed");
         Files.createDirectory(removing);
         final IllegalStateException e = expectThrows(IllegalStateException.class, () -> installPlugin(pluginZip));
-        final String expected = formatted(
+        final String expected = Strings.format(
             "found file [%s] from a failed attempt to remove the plugin [failed]; execute [elasticsearch-plugin remove failed]",
             removing
         );

distribution/tools/server-cli/src/test/java/org/elasticsearch/server/cli/JvmOptionsParserTests.java

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
 
 package org.elasticsearch.server.cli;
 
+import org.elasticsearch.core.Strings;
 import org.elasticsearch.test.ESTestCase;
 import org.elasticsearch.test.ESTestCase.WithoutSecurityManager;
 
@@ -291,7 +292,7 @@ public class JvmOptionsParserTests extends ESTestCase {
 
         final int javaMajorVersion = randomIntBetween(8, Integer.MAX_VALUE);
         final int smallerJavaMajorVersion = randomIntBetween(7, javaMajorVersion - 1);
-        final String invalidRangeLine = String.format(Locale.ROOT, "%d:%d-XX:+UseG1GC", javaMajorVersion, smallerJavaMajorVersion);
+        final String invalidRangeLine = Strings.format("%d:%d-XX:+UseG1GC", javaMajorVersion, smallerJavaMajorVersion);
         try (StringReader sr = new StringReader(invalidRangeLine); BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(sr)) {
             assertInvalidLines(br, Collections.singletonMap(1, invalidRangeLine));
         }
@@ -306,8 +307,8 @@ public class JvmOptionsParserTests extends ESTestCase {
         );
         try (StringReader sr = new StringReader(numberFormatExceptionsLine); BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(sr)) {
             final Map<Integer, String> invalidLines = new HashMap<>(2);
-            invalidLines.put(1, formatted("%d:-XX:+UseG1GC", invalidLowerJavaMajorVersion));
+            invalidLines.put(1, Strings.format("%d:-XX:+UseG1GC", invalidLowerJavaMajorVersion));
-            invalidLines.put(2, formatted("8-%d:-XX:+AggressiveOpts", invalidUpperJavaMajorVersion));
+            invalidLines.put(2, Strings.format("8-%d:-XX:+AggressiveOpts", invalidUpperJavaMajorVersion));
             assertInvalidLines(br, invalidLines);
         }
 
@@ -321,7 +322,7 @@ public class JvmOptionsParserTests extends ESTestCase {
 
         final int lowerBound = randomIntBetween(9, 16);
         final int upperBound = randomIntBetween(8, lowerBound - 1);
-        final String upperBoundGreaterThanLowerBound = String.format(Locale.ROOT, "%d-%d-XX:+UseG1GC", lowerBound, upperBound);
+        final String upperBoundGreaterThanLowerBound = Strings.format("%d-%d-XX:+UseG1GC", lowerBound, upperBound);
         try (StringReader sr = new StringReader(upperBoundGreaterThanLowerBound); BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(sr)) {
             assertInvalidLines(br, Collections.singletonMap(1, upperBoundGreaterThanLowerBound));
         }

distribution/tools/windows-service-cli/src/test/java/org/elasticsearch/windows/service/WindowsServiceInstallCommandTests.java

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ package org.elasticsearch.windows.service;
 import org.elasticsearch.Version;
 import org.elasticsearch.cli.Command;
 import org.elasticsearch.cli.ExitCodes;
+import org.elasticsearch.core.Strings;
 import org.junit.Before;
 
 import java.io.IOException;
@@ -153,13 +154,13 @@ public class WindowsServiceInstallCommandTests extends WindowsServiceCliTestCase
     }
 
     public void testDisplayName() throws Exception {
-        assertServiceArgs(Map.of("DisplayName", formatted("\"Elasticsearch %s (elasticsearch-service-x64)\"", Version.CURRENT)));
+        assertServiceArgs(Map.of("DisplayName", Strings.format("\"Elasticsearch %s (elasticsearch-service-x64)\"", Version.CURRENT)));
         envVars.put("SERVICE_DISPLAY_NAME", "my service name");
         assertServiceArgs(Map.of("DisplayName", "\"my service name\""));
     }
 
     public void testDescription() throws Exception {
-        String defaultDescription = formatted("\"Elasticsearch %s Windows Service - https://elastic.co\"", Version.CURRENT);
+        String defaultDescription = Strings.format("\"Elasticsearch %s Windows Service - https://elastic.co\"", Version.CURRENT);
         assertServiceArgs(Map.of("Description", defaultDescription));
         envVars.put("SERVICE_DESCRIPTION", "my description");
         assertServiceArgs(Map.of("Description", "\"my description\""));

docs/src/yamlRestTest/java/org/elasticsearch/smoketest/DocsClientYamlTestSuiteIT.java

@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ import org.elasticsearch.client.Request;
 import org.elasticsearch.client.RestClient;
 import org.elasticsearch.common.util.CollectionUtils;
 import org.elasticsearch.common.util.Maps;
+import org.elasticsearch.core.Strings;
 import org.elasticsearch.test.rest.ESRestTestCase;
 import org.elasticsearch.test.rest.yaml.ClientYamlDocsTestClient;
 import org.elasticsearch.test.rest.yaml.ClientYamlTestCandidate;
@@ -43,7 +44,6 @@ import java.io.IOException;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.Iterator;
 import java.util.List;
-import java.util.Locale;
 import java.util.Map;
 
 import static java.util.Collections.emptyMap;
@@ -316,7 +316,7 @@ public class DocsClientYamlTestSuiteIT extends ESClientYamlSuiteTestCase {
             Object previousSecond = null;
             while (firstTokens.hasNext()) {
                 if (false == secondTokens.hasNext()) {
-                    fail(String.format(Locale.ROOT, """
+                    fail(Strings.format("""
                         %s has fewer tokens than %s. %s has [%s] but %s is out of tokens. \
                         %s's last token was [%s] and %s's last token was' [%s]
                         """, second, first, first, firstTokens.next(), second, first, previousFirst, second, previousSecond));
@@ -327,7 +327,7 @@ public class DocsClientYamlTestSuiteIT extends ESClientYamlSuiteTestCase {
                 String secondText = (String) secondToken.get("token");
                 // Check the text and produce an error message with the utf8 sequence if they don't match.
                 if (false == secondText.equals(firstText)) {
-                    fail(String.format(Locale.ROOT, """
+                    fail(Strings.format("""
                         text differs: %s was [%s] but %s was [%s]. In utf8 those are
                         %s and
                         %s
@@ -339,7 +339,7 @@ public class DocsClientYamlTestSuiteIT extends ESClientYamlSuiteTestCase {
                 previousSecond = secondToken;
             }
             if (secondTokens.hasNext()) {
-                fail(String.format(Locale.ROOT, """
+                fail(Strings.format("""
                     %s has more tokens than %s. %s has [%s] but %s is out of tokens. \
                     %s's last token was [%s] and %s's last token was [%s]
                     """, second, first, second, secondTokens.next(), first, first, previousFirst, second, previousSecond));

libs/core/src/test/java/org/elasticsearch/core/internal/provider/EmbeddedImplClassLoaderTests.java

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
 
 package org.elasticsearch.core.internal.provider;
 
+import org.elasticsearch.core.Strings;
 import org.elasticsearch.core.SuppressForbidden;
 import org.elasticsearch.core.internal.provider.EmbeddedImplClassLoader.CompoundEnumeration;
 import org.elasticsearch.test.ESTestCase;
@@ -452,7 +453,7 @@ public class EmbeddedImplClassLoaderTests extends ESTestCase {
             // getResources
             var urls1 = Collections.list(urlcLoader.getResources(resourcePath)).stream().map(URL::toString).toList();
             var urls2 = Collections.list(embedLoader.getResources(resourcePath)).stream().map(URL::toString).toList();
-            assertThat(String.format(Locale.ROOT, "urls1=%s, urls2=%s", urls1, urls2), urls2, hasSize(1));
+            assertThat(Strings.format("urls1=%s, urls2=%s", urls1, urls2), urls2, hasSize(1));
             assertThat(urls1.get(0), endsWith("!/" + expectedURLSuffix));
             assertThat(urls2.get(0), endsWith("impl.jar!/IMPL-JARS/res/res-impl.jar/" + expectedURLSuffix));
 

modules/aggregations/src/test/java/org/elasticsearch/aggregations/bucket/histogram/AutoDateHistogramAggregatorTests.java

@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@ import org.elasticsearch.common.CheckedBiConsumer;
 import org.elasticsearch.common.network.InetAddresses;
 import org.elasticsearch.common.settings.Settings;
 import org.elasticsearch.common.util.Maps;
+import org.elasticsearch.core.Strings;
 import org.elasticsearch.index.IndexSettings;
 import org.elasticsearch.index.mapper.BooleanFieldMapper;
 import org.elasticsearch.index.mapper.DateFieldMapper;
@@ -859,7 +860,7 @@ public class AutoDateHistogramAggregatorTests extends DateHistogramAggregatorTes
         fullDocCount.clear();
         fullDocCount.putAll(skeletonDocCount);
         for (int minute = 3; minute < 15; minute++) {
-            fullDocCount.put(formatted("2017-02-01T09:%02d:00.000Z", minute), 0);
+            fullDocCount.put(Strings.format("2017-02-01T09:%02d:00.000Z", minute), 0);
         }
         testSearchCase(
             DEFAULT_QUERY,

modules/data-streams/src/test/java/org/elasticsearch/datastreams/DataStreamIndexSettingsProviderTests.java

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ import org.elasticsearch.cluster.metadata.IndexMetadata;
 import org.elasticsearch.cluster.metadata.Metadata;
 import org.elasticsearch.common.compress.CompressedXContent;
 import org.elasticsearch.common.settings.Settings;
+import org.elasticsearch.core.Strings;
 import org.elasticsearch.core.TimeValue;
 import org.elasticsearch.core.Tuple;
 import org.elasticsearch.index.IndexMode;
@@ -309,7 +310,7 @@ public class DataStreamIndexSettingsProviderTests extends ESTestCase {
         assertThat(
             e.getMessage(),
             equalTo(
-                formatted(
+                Strings.format(
                     "backing index [%s] in tsdb mode doesn't have the [index.time_series.end_time] index setting",
                     DataStream.getDefaultBackingIndexName(dataStreamName, 1, twoHoursAgo.toEpochMilli())
                 )

modules/data-streams/src/test/java/org/elasticsearch/datastreams/mapper/MetadataCreateDataStreamServiceTests.java

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ package org.elasticsearch.datastreams.mapper;
 import org.elasticsearch.Version;
 import org.elasticsearch.cluster.metadata.IndexMetadata;
 import org.elasticsearch.common.settings.Settings;
+import org.elasticsearch.core.Strings;
 import org.elasticsearch.index.MapperTestUtils;
 import org.elasticsearch.index.mapper.DataStreamTimestampFieldMapper;
 import org.elasticsearch.index.mapper.MapperService;
@@ -36,7 +37,7 @@ public class MetadataCreateDataStreamServiceTests extends ESTestCase {
     public void testValidateTimestampFieldMappingNoFieldMapping() {
         Exception e = expectThrows(IllegalStateException.class, () -> validateTimestampFieldMapping(createMappingLookup("{}")));
         assertThat(e.getMessage(), equalTo("[" + DataStreamTimestampFieldMapper.NAME + "] meta field has been disabled"));
-        String mapping1 = formatted("""
+        String mapping1 = Strings.format("""
             {
               "%s": {
                 "enabled": false

modules/ingest-common/src/internalClusterTest/java/org/elasticsearch/ingest/common/IngestRestartIT.java

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ import org.elasticsearch.cluster.node.DiscoveryNodeRole;
 import org.elasticsearch.common.bytes.BytesArray;
 import org.elasticsearch.common.bytes.BytesReference;
 import org.elasticsearch.common.settings.Settings;
+import org.elasticsearch.core.Strings;
 import org.elasticsearch.ingest.IngestStats;
 import org.elasticsearch.plugins.Plugin;
 import org.elasticsearch.script.MockScriptEngine;
@@ -61,7 +62,7 @@ public class IngestRestartIT extends ESIntegTestCase {
         internalCluster().ensureAtLeastNumDataNodes(1);
         internalCluster().startMasterOnlyNode();
         final String pipelineId = "foo";
-        client().admin().cluster().preparePutPipeline(pipelineId, new BytesArray(formatted("""
+        client().admin().cluster().preparePutPipeline(pipelineId, new BytesArray(Strings.format("""
             {
               "processors": [
                 {
@@ -109,7 +110,7 @@ public class IngestRestartIT extends ESIntegTestCase {
         String pipelineIdWithScript = pipelineIdWithoutScript + "_script";
         internalCluster().startNode();
 
-        BytesReference pipelineWithScript = new BytesArray(formatted("""
+        BytesReference pipelineWithScript = new BytesArray(Strings.format("""
             {
               "processors": [ { "script": { "lang": "%s", "source": "my_script" } } ]
             }""", MockScriptEngine.NAME));
@@ -179,7 +180,7 @@ public class IngestRestartIT extends ESIntegTestCase {
     public void testPipelineWithScriptProcessorThatHasStoredScript() throws Exception {
         internalCluster().startNode();
 
-        client().admin().cluster().preparePutStoredScript().setId("1").setContent(new BytesArray(formatted("""
+        client().admin().cluster().preparePutStoredScript().setId("1").setContent(new BytesArray(Strings.format("""
             {"script": {"lang": "%s", "source": "my_script"} }
             """, MockScriptEngine.NAME)), XContentType.JSON).get();
         BytesReference pipeline = new BytesArray("""

modules/ingest-common/src/test/java/org/elasticsearch/ingest/common/DateProcessorTests.java

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
 
 package org.elasticsearch.ingest.common;
 
+import org.elasticsearch.core.Strings;
 import org.elasticsearch.ingest.IngestDocument;
 import org.elasticsearch.ingest.RandomDocumentPicks;
 import org.elasticsearch.ingest.TestTemplateService;
@@ -331,7 +332,7 @@ public class DateProcessorTests extends ESTestCase {
         IngestDocument ingestDocument = RandomDocumentPicks.randomIngestDocument(random(), document);
         processor.execute(ingestDocument);
         // output format is time only with nanosecond precision
-        String expectedDate = "00:00:00." + formatted("%09d", nanosAfterEpoch);
+        String expectedDate = "00:00:00." + Strings.format("%09d", nanosAfterEpoch);
         assertThat(ingestDocument.getFieldValue("date_as_date", String.class), equalTo(expectedDate));
     }
 }

modules/ingest-geoip/src/test/java/org/elasticsearch/ingest/geoip/DatabaseNodeServiceTests.java

@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@ import org.elasticsearch.common.io.Streams;
 import org.elasticsearch.common.settings.Settings;
 import org.elasticsearch.core.CheckedConsumer;
 import org.elasticsearch.core.CheckedRunnable;
+import org.elasticsearch.core.Strings;
 import org.elasticsearch.core.TimeValue;
 import org.elasticsearch.index.Index;
 import org.elasticsearch.index.query.TermQueryBuilder;
@@ -410,7 +411,7 @@ public class DatabaseNodeServiceTests extends ESTestCase {
         byte[] header = new byte[512];
         byte[] nameBytes = name.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
         byte[] contentBytes = content.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
-        byte[] sizeBytes = formatted("%1$012o", contentBytes.length).getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
+        byte[] sizeBytes = Strings.format("%1$012o", contentBytes.length).getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
         System.arraycopy(nameBytes, 0, header, 0, nameBytes.length);
         System.arraycopy(sizeBytes, 0, header, 124, 12);
         gzipOutputStream.write(header);

modules/kibana/src/javaRestTest/java/org/elasticsearch/kibana/KibanaSystemIndexIT.java

@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ import org.elasticsearch.client.Request;
 import org.elasticsearch.client.Response;
 import org.elasticsearch.client.ResponseException;
 import org.elasticsearch.common.xcontent.XContentHelper;
+import org.elasticsearch.core.Strings;
 import org.elasticsearch.test.rest.ESRestTestCase;
 import org.elasticsearch.xcontent.json.JsonXContent;
 
@@ -69,7 +70,7 @@ public class KibanaSystemIndexIT extends ESRestTestCase {
 
     public void testBulkToKibanaIndex() throws IOException {
         Request request = request("POST", "/_bulk");
-        request.setJsonEntity(formatted("""
+        request.setJsonEntity(Strings.format("""
             { "index" : { "_index" : "%s", "_id" : "1" } }
             { "foo" : "bar" }
             """, indexName));
@@ -79,7 +80,7 @@ public class KibanaSystemIndexIT extends ESRestTestCase {
 
     public void testRefresh() throws IOException {
         Request request = request("POST", "/_bulk");
-        request.setJsonEntity(formatted("""
+        request.setJsonEntity(Strings.format("""
             { "index" : { "_index" : "%s", "_id" : "1" } }
             { "foo" : "bar" }
             """, indexName));
@@ -100,7 +101,7 @@ public class KibanaSystemIndexIT extends ESRestTestCase {
 
     public void testGetFromKibanaIndex() throws IOException {
         Request request = request("POST", "/_bulk");
-        request.setJsonEntity(formatted("""
+        request.setJsonEntity(Strings.format("""
             { "index" : { "_index" : "%s", "_id" : "1" } }
             { "foo" : "bar" }
             """, indexName));
@@ -119,7 +120,7 @@ public class KibanaSystemIndexIT extends ESRestTestCase {
 
     public void testMultiGetFromKibanaIndex() throws IOException {
         Request request = request("POST", "/_bulk");
-        request.setJsonEntity(formatted("""
+        request.setJsonEntity(Strings.format("""
             { "index" : { "_index" : "%s", "_id" : "1" } }
             { "foo" : "bar" }
             { "index" : { "_index" : "%s", "_id" : "2" } }
@@ -131,7 +132,7 @@ public class KibanaSystemIndexIT extends ESRestTestCase {
         assertThat(response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode(), is(200));
 
         Request getRequest = request("GET", "/_mget");
-        getRequest.setJsonEntity(formatted("""
+        getRequest.setJsonEntity(Strings.format("""
             {
               "docs": [
                 {
@@ -155,7 +156,7 @@ public class KibanaSystemIndexIT extends ESRestTestCase {
 
     public void testSearchFromKibanaIndex() throws IOException {
         Request request = request("POST", "/_bulk");
-        request.setJsonEntity(formatted("""
+        request.setJsonEntity(Strings.format("""
             { "index" : { "_index" : "%s", "_id" : "1" } }
             { "foo" : "bar" }
             { "index" : { "_index" : "%s", "_id" : "2" } }
@@ -181,7 +182,7 @@ public class KibanaSystemIndexIT extends ESRestTestCase {
 
     public void testDeleteFromKibanaIndex() throws IOException {
         Request request = request("POST", "/_bulk");
-        request.setJsonEntity(formatted("""
+        request.setJsonEntity(Strings.format("""
             { "index" : { "_index" : "%s", "_id" : "1" } }
             { "foo" : "bar" }
             { "index" : { "_index" : "%s", "_id" : "2" } }
@@ -199,7 +200,7 @@ public class KibanaSystemIndexIT extends ESRestTestCase {
 
     public void testDeleteByQueryFromKibanaIndex() throws IOException {
         Request request = request("POST", "/_bulk");
-        request.setJsonEntity(formatted("""
+        request.setJsonEntity(Strings.format("""
             { "index" : { "_index" : "%s", "_id" : "1" } }
             { "foo" : "bar" }
             { "index" : { "_index" : "%s", "_id" : "2" } }
@@ -289,7 +290,7 @@ public class KibanaSystemIndexIT extends ESRestTestCase {
 
     public void testScrollingDocs() throws IOException {
         Request request = request("POST", "/_bulk");
-        request.setJsonEntity(formatted("""
+        request.setJsonEntity(Strings.format("""
             { "index" : { "_index" : "%s", "_id" : "1" } }
             { "foo" : "bar" }
             { "index" : { "_index" : "%s", "_id" : "2" } }

modules/lang-mustache/src/test/java/org/elasticsearch/script/mustache/MustacheTests.java

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ package org.elasticsearch.script.mustache;
 
 import org.elasticsearch.common.bytes.BytesReference;
 import org.elasticsearch.common.xcontent.XContentHelper;
+import org.elasticsearch.core.Strings;
 import org.elasticsearch.script.ScriptEngine;
 import org.elasticsearch.script.ScriptException;
 import org.elasticsearch.script.TemplateScript;
@@ -23,7 +24,6 @@ import java.util.Collections;
 import java.util.HashMap;
 import java.util.HashSet;
 import java.util.List;
-import java.util.Locale;
 import java.util.Map;
 import java.util.Set;
 
@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ public class MustacheTests extends ESTestCase {
         data.put("list", randomList);
         Map<String, Object> vars = new HashMap<>();
         vars.put("data", data);
-        String expectedString = String.format(Locale.ROOT, "%s %s", randomArrayValues.length, randomList.size());
+        String expectedString = Strings.format("%s %s", randomArrayValues.length, randomList.size());
         assertThat(factory.newInstance(vars).execute(), equalTo(expectedString));
     }
 

modules/lang-painless/src/test/java/org/elasticsearch/painless/GetByPathAugmentationTests.java

@@ -8,10 +8,11 @@
 
 package org.elasticsearch.painless;
 
+import org.elasticsearch.core.Strings;
+
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.HashMap;
 import java.util.List;
-import java.util.Locale;
 import java.util.Map;
 
 public class GetByPathAugmentationTests extends ScriptTestCase {
@@ -38,20 +39,20 @@ public class GetByPathAugmentationTests extends ScriptTestCase {
     }
 
     private String toScript(String collection, String key) {
-        return String.format(Locale.ROOT, "return %s.getByPath('%s')", collection, key);
+        return Strings.format("return %s.getByPath('%s')", collection, key);
     }
 
     private String toScript(String collection, String key, String defaultValue) {
-        return String.format(Locale.ROOT, "return %s.getByPath('%s', %s)", collection, key, defaultValue);
+        return Strings.format("return %s.getByPath('%s', %s)", collection, key, defaultValue);
     }
 
     private String numberFormat(String unparsable, String path, int i) {
         String format = "Could not parse [%s] as a int index into list at path [%s] and index [%d]";
-        return String.format(Locale.ROOT, format, unparsable, path, i);
+        return Strings.format(format, unparsable, path, i);
     }
 
     private String missingValue(String path) {
-        return formatted("Could not find value at path [%s]", path);
+        return Strings.format("Could not find value at path [%s]", path);
     }
 
     private void assertPathValue(String collection, String key, Object value) {

modules/lang-painless/src/test/java/org/elasticsearch/painless/StringTests.java

@@ -8,6 +8,8 @@
 
 package org.elasticsearch.painless;
 
+import org.elasticsearch.core.Strings;
+
 import java.util.HashMap;
 import java.util.Map;
 
@@ -72,14 +74,14 @@ public class StringTests extends ScriptTestCase {
         StringBuilder script = new StringBuilder("String s = \"cat\"; return s");
         StringBuilder result = new StringBuilder("cat");
         for (int i = 1; i < count; i++) {
-            final String s = formatted("%03d", i);
+            final String s = Strings.format("%03d", i);
             script.append(" + '").append(s).append("'.toString()");
             result.append(s);
         }
         final String s = script.toString();
         assertTrue(
             "every string part should be separately pushed to stack.",
-            Debugger.toString(s).contains(formatted("LDC \"%03d\"", count / 2))
+            Debugger.toString(s).contains(Strings.format("LDC \"%03d\"", count / 2))
         );
         assertEquals(result.toString(), exec(s));
     }

modules/mapper-extras/src/test/java/org/elasticsearch/index/mapper/extras/RankFeatureQueryBuilderTests.java

@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ public class RankFeatureQueryBuilderTests extends AbstractQueryTestCase<RankFeat
     }
 
     public void testIllegalField() {
-        String query = formatted("""
+        String query = Strings.format("""
             {
                 "rank_feature" : {
                     "field": "%s"

modules/parent-join/src/internalClusterTest/java/org/elasticsearch/join/query/ChildQuerySearchIT.java

@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ import org.elasticsearch.action.support.WriteRequest.RefreshPolicy;
 import org.elasticsearch.common.lucene.search.function.CombineFunction;
 import org.elasticsearch.common.lucene.search.function.FunctionScoreQuery;
 import org.elasticsearch.common.settings.Settings;
+import org.elasticsearch.core.Strings;
 import org.elasticsearch.core.TimeValue;
 import org.elasticsearch.index.query.BoolQueryBuilder;
 import org.elasticsearch.index.query.IdsQueryBuilder;
@@ -843,11 +844,11 @@ public class ChildQuerySearchIT extends ParentChildTestCase {
         // index simple data
         int childId = 0;
         for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
-            String parentId = formatted("p%03d", i);
+            String parentId = Strings.format("p%03d", i);
             createIndexRequest("test", "parent", parentId, null, "p_field", parentId).get();
             int j = childId;
             for (; j < childId + 50; j++) {
-                String childUid = formatted("c%03d", j);
+                String childUid = Strings.format("c%03d", j);
                 createIndexRequest("test", "child", childUid, parentId, "c_field", childUid).get();
             }
             childId = j;

modules/percolator/src/test/java/org/elasticsearch/percolator/PercolateQueryBuilderTests.java

@@ -252,7 +252,7 @@ public class PercolateQueryBuilderTests extends AbstractQueryTestCase<PercolateQ
 
     public void testFromJsonNoDocumentType() throws IOException {
         SearchExecutionContext searchExecutionContext = createSearchExecutionContext();
-        QueryBuilder queryBuilder = parseQuery(formatted("""
+        QueryBuilder queryBuilder = parseQuery(Strings.format("""
             {"percolate" : { "document": {}, "field":"%s"}}
             """, queryField));
         queryBuilder.toQuery(searchExecutionContext);
@@ -265,14 +265,14 @@ public class PercolateQueryBuilderTests extends AbstractQueryTestCase<PercolateQ
         documentSource = Collections.singletonList(randomSource(new HashSet<>()));
 
         SearchExecutionContext searchExecutionContext = createSearchExecutionContext();
-        QueryBuilder queryBuilder = parseQuery(formatted("""
+        QueryBuilder queryBuilder = parseQuery(Strings.format("""
             {"percolate" : { "index": "%s", "id": "%s", "field":"%s"}}
             """, indexedDocumentIndex, indexedDocumentId, queryField));
         rewriteAndFetch(queryBuilder, searchExecutionContext).toQuery(searchExecutionContext);
     }
 
     public void testBothDocumentAndDocumentsSpecified() {
-        IllegalArgumentException e = expectThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class, () -> parseQuery(formatted("""
+        IllegalArgumentException e = expectThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class, () -> parseQuery(Strings.format("""
             {"percolate" : { "document": {}, "documents": [{}, {}], "field":"%s"}}
             """, queryField)));
         assertThat(e.getMessage(), containsString("The following fields are not allowed together: [document, documents]"));
@@ -382,7 +382,7 @@ public class PercolateQueryBuilderTests extends AbstractQueryTestCase<PercolateQ
 
     public void testFromJsonWithDocumentType() throws IOException {
         SearchExecutionContext searchExecutionContext = createSearchExecutionContext();
-        String queryAsString = formatted("""
+        String queryAsString = Strings.format("""
             {"percolate" : { "document": {}, "document_type":"%s", "field":"%s"}}
             """, docType, queryField);
         XContentParser parser = createParserWithCompatibilityFor(JsonXContent.jsonXContent, queryAsString, RestApiVersion.V_7);
@@ -398,7 +398,7 @@ public class PercolateQueryBuilderTests extends AbstractQueryTestCase<PercolateQ
         documentSource = Collections.singletonList(randomSource(new HashSet<>()));
         SearchExecutionContext searchExecutionContext = createSearchExecutionContext();
 
-        String queryAsString = formatted("""
+        String queryAsString = Strings.format("""
             {"percolate" : { "index": "%s", "type": "_doc", "id": "%s", "field":"%s"}}
             """, indexedDocumentIndex, indexedDocumentId, queryField);
         XContentParser parser = createParserWithCompatibilityFor(JsonXContent.jsonXContent, queryAsString, RestApiVersion.V_7);

modules/rank-eval/src/test/java/org/elasticsearch/index/rankeval/DiscountedCumulativeGainTests.java

@@ -288,11 +288,11 @@ public class DiscountedCumulativeGainTests extends ESTestCase {
         assertEquals(expectedNdcg, detail.getNDCG(), 0.0);
         assertEquals(unratedDocs, detail.getUnratedDocs());
         if (idcg != 0) {
-            assertEquals(formatted("""
+            assertEquals(Strings.format("""
                 {"dcg":{"dcg":%s,"ideal_dcg":%s,"normalized_dcg":%s,"unrated_docs":%s}}\
                 """, dcg, idcg, expectedNdcg, unratedDocs), Strings.toString(detail));
         } else {
-            assertEquals(formatted("""
+            assertEquals(Strings.format("""
                 {"dcg":{"dcg":%s,"unrated_docs":%s}}\
                 """, dcg, unratedDocs), Strings.toString(detail));
         }

modules/reindex/src/test/java/org/elasticsearch/reindex/remote/RemoteRequestBuildersTests.java

@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ import org.elasticsearch.common.bytes.BytesArray;
 import org.elasticsearch.common.bytes.BytesReference;
 import org.elasticsearch.common.io.Streams;
 import org.elasticsearch.common.xcontent.XContentHelper;
+import org.elasticsearch.core.Strings;
 import org.elasticsearch.core.TimeValue;
 import org.elasticsearch.search.builder.SearchSourceBuilder;
 import org.elasticsearch.test.ESTestCase;
@@ -228,7 +229,7 @@ public class RemoteRequestBuildersTests extends ESTestCase {
         searchRequest.source().fetchSource(new String[] { "in1", "in2" }, new String[] { "out" });
         entity = initialSearch(searchRequest, new BytesArray(query), remoteVersion).getEntity();
         assertEquals(ContentType.APPLICATION_JSON.toString(), entity.getContentType().getValue());
-        assertEquals(XContentHelper.stripWhitespace(formatted("""
+        assertEquals(XContentHelper.stripWhitespace(Strings.format("""
             {
               "query": %s,
               "_source": {

modules/repository-gcs/src/test/java/org/elasticsearch/repositories/gcs/GoogleCloudStorageBlobContainerRetriesTests.java

@@ -205,7 +205,7 @@ public class GoogleCloudStorageBlobContainerRetriesTests extends AbstractBlobCon
                 assertThat(content.isPresent(), is(true));
                 assertThat(content.get().v1(), equalTo(blobContainer.path().buildAsString() + "write_blob_max_retries"));
                 if (Objects.deepEquals(bytes, BytesReference.toBytes(content.get().v2()))) {
-                    byte[] response = formatted("""
+                    byte[] response = Strings.format("""
                         {"bucket":"bucket","name":"%s"}
                         """, content.get().v1()).getBytes(UTF_8);
                     exchange.getResponseHeaders().add("Content-Type", "application/json");
@@ -351,7 +351,7 @@ public class GoogleCloudStorageBlobContainerRetriesTests extends AbstractBlobCon
                 if (range.equals("bytes */*")) {
                     final int receivedSoFar = bytesReceived.get();
                     if (receivedSoFar > 0) {
-                        exchange.getResponseHeaders().add("Range", formatted("bytes=0-%d", receivedSoFar));
+                        exchange.getResponseHeaders().add("Range", Strings.format("bytes=0-%d", receivedSoFar));
                     }
                     exchange.getResponseHeaders().add("Content-Length", "0");
                     exchange.sendResponseHeaders(308 /* Resume Incomplete */, -1);
@@ -373,7 +373,7 @@ public class GoogleCloudStorageBlobContainerRetriesTests extends AbstractBlobCon
                         exchange.sendResponseHeaders(RestStatus.OK.getStatus(), -1);
                         return;
                     } else {
-                        exchange.getResponseHeaders().add("Range", String.format(Locale.ROOT, "bytes=%d/%d", rangeStart, rangeEnd));
+                        exchange.getResponseHeaders().add("Range", Strings.format("bytes=%d/%d", rangeStart, rangeEnd));
                         exchange.getResponseHeaders().add("Content-Length", "0");
                         exchange.sendResponseHeaders(308 /* Resume Incomplete */, -1);
                         return;

modules/repository-gcs/src/test/java/org/elasticsearch/repositories/gcs/GoogleCloudStorageClientSettingsTests.java

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ import com.google.auth.oauth2.ServiceAccountCredentials;
 import org.elasticsearch.common.settings.MockSecureSettings;
 import org.elasticsearch.common.settings.Setting;
 import org.elasticsearch.common.settings.Settings;
+import org.elasticsearch.core.Strings;
 import org.elasticsearch.core.TimeValue;
 import org.elasticsearch.core.Tuple;
 import org.elasticsearch.test.ESTestCase;
@@ -260,7 +261,7 @@ public class GoogleCloudStorageClientSettingsTests extends ESTestCase {
         credentialBuilder.setPrivateKeyId("private_key_id_" + clientName);
         credentialBuilder.setScopes(Collections.singleton(StorageScopes.DEVSTORAGE_FULL_CONTROL));
         final String encodedPrivateKey = Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(keyPair.getPrivate().getEncoded());
-        final String serviceAccount = formatted("""
+        final String serviceAccount = Strings.format("""
             {
               "type": "service_account",
               "project_id": "project_id_%s",

modules/repository-s3/src/test/java/org/elasticsearch/repositories/s3/CustomWebIdentityTokenCredentialsProviderTests.java

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ import com.sun.net.httpserver.HttpServer;
 
 import org.apache.logging.log4j.LogManager;
 import org.elasticsearch.common.settings.Settings;
+import org.elasticsearch.core.Strings;
 import org.elasticsearch.core.SuppressForbidden;
 import org.elasticsearch.env.Environment;
 import org.elasticsearch.mocksocket.MockHttpServer;
@@ -53,7 +54,7 @@ public class CustomWebIdentityTokenCredentialsProviderTests extends ESTestCase {
                 assertEquals(ROLE_NAME, params.get("RoleSessionName"));
 
                 exchange.getResponseHeaders().add("Content-Type", "text/xml; charset=UTF-8");
-                byte[] response = formatted(
+                byte[] response = Strings.format(
                     """
                         <AssumeRoleWithWebIdentityResponse xmlns="https://sts.amazonaws.com/doc/2011-06-15/">
                           <AssumeRoleWithWebIdentityResult>

modules/repository-url/src/test/java/org/elasticsearch/common/blobstore/url/AbstractURLBlobStoreTests.java

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ import org.elasticsearch.common.blobstore.BlobContainer;
 import org.elasticsearch.common.bytes.BytesArray;
 import org.elasticsearch.common.bytes.BytesReference;
 import org.elasticsearch.common.io.Streams;
+import org.elasticsearch.core.Strings;
 import org.elasticsearch.test.ESTestCase;
 
 import java.io.IOException;
@@ -57,7 +58,7 @@ public abstract class AbstractURLBlobStoreTests extends ESTestCase {
             ignored.read();
             fail("Should have thrown NoSuchFileException exception");
         } catch (NoSuchFileException e) {
-            assertEquals(formatted("blob object [%s] not found", incorrectBlobName), e.getMessage());
+            assertEquals(Strings.format("blob object [%s] not found", incorrectBlobName), e.getMessage());
         }
     }
 }

modules/repository-url/src/test/java/org/elasticsearch/common/blobstore/url/http/RetryingHttpInputStreamTests.java

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ package org.elasticsearch.common.blobstore.url.http;
 
 import org.elasticsearch.common.io.Streams;
 import org.elasticsearch.core.IOUtils;
+import org.elasticsearch.core.Strings;
 import org.elasticsearch.rest.RestStatus;
 import org.elasticsearch.test.ESTestCase;
 
@@ -17,7 +18,6 @@ import java.io.IOException;
 import java.net.URI;
 import java.util.Iterator;
 import java.util.List;
-import java.util.Locale;
 import java.util.Map;
 import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
 
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ public class RetryingHttpInputStreamTests extends ESTestCase {
         when(secondHttpResponseInputStream.read(any(), anyInt(), anyInt())).thenReturn(blobSize - firstChunkSize).thenReturn(-1);
         final Map<String, String> secondResponseHeaders = Map.of(
             "Content-Range",
-            String.format(Locale.ROOT, "bytes %d-%d/%d", firstChunkSize, blobSize - 1, blobSize)
+            Strings.format("bytes %d-%d/%d", firstChunkSize, blobSize - 1, blobSize)
         );
 
         final List<MockHttpResponse> responses = List.of(

modules/transport-netty4/src/internalClusterTest/java/org/elasticsearch/http/netty4/Netty4PipeliningIT.java

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ import io.netty.util.ReferenceCounted;
 
 import org.elasticsearch.ESNetty4IntegTestCase;
 import org.elasticsearch.common.transport.TransportAddress;
+import org.elasticsearch.core.Strings;
 import org.elasticsearch.http.HttpServerTransport;
 import org.elasticsearch.test.ESIntegTestCase.ClusterScope;
 import org.elasticsearch.test.ESIntegTestCase.Scope;
@@ -53,7 +54,7 @@ public class Netty4PipeliningIT extends ESNetty4IntegTestCase {
     private void assertOpaqueIdsInOrder(Collection<String> opaqueIds) {
         // check if opaque ids are monotonically increasing
         int i = 0;
-        String msg = formatted("Expected list of opaque ids to be monotonically increasing, got [%s]", opaqueIds);
+        String msg = Strings.format("Expected list of opaque ids to be monotonically increasing, got [%s]", opaqueIds);
         for (String opaqueId : opaqueIds) {
             assertThat(msg, opaqueId, is(String.valueOf(i++)));
         }

modules/transport-netty4/src/internalClusterTest/java/org/elasticsearch/transport/netty4/Netty4TransportMultiPortIntegrationIT.java

@@ -14,13 +14,12 @@ import org.elasticsearch.common.network.NetworkAddress;
 import org.elasticsearch.common.settings.Settings;
 import org.elasticsearch.common.transport.BoundTransportAddress;
 import org.elasticsearch.common.transport.TransportAddress;
+import org.elasticsearch.core.Strings;
 import org.elasticsearch.test.ESIntegTestCase.ClusterScope;
 import org.elasticsearch.test.ESIntegTestCase.Scope;
 import org.elasticsearch.test.junit.annotations.Network;
 import org.elasticsearch.transport.TransportInfo;
 
-import java.util.Locale;
-
 import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.allOf;
 import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.greaterThanOrEqualTo;
 import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.hasKey;
@@ -39,7 +38,7 @@ public class Netty4TransportMultiPortIntegrationIT extends ESNetty4IntegTestCase
     protected Settings nodeSettings(int nodeOrdinal, Settings otherSettings) {
         if (randomPort == -1) {
             randomPort = randomIntBetween(49152, 65525);
-            randomPortRange = String.format(Locale.ROOT, "%s-%s", randomPort, randomPort + 10);
+            randomPortRange = Strings.format("%s-%s", randomPort, randomPort + 10);
         }
         Settings.Builder builder = Settings.builder()
             .put(super.nodeSettings(nodeOrdinal, otherSettings))

plugins/repository-hdfs/src/javaRestTest/java/org/elasticsearch/repositories/hdfs/HaHdfsFailoverTestSuiteIT.java

@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ import org.elasticsearch.client.Request;
 import org.elasticsearch.client.Response;
 import org.elasticsearch.client.RestClient;
 import org.elasticsearch.core.PathUtils;
+import org.elasticsearch.core.Strings;
 import org.elasticsearch.test.rest.ESRestTestCase;
 import org.junit.Assert;
 
@@ -100,7 +101,7 @@ public class HaHdfsFailoverTestSuiteIT extends ESRestTestCase {
         // Create repository
         {
             Request request = new Request("PUT", "/_snapshot/hdfs_ha_repo_read");
-            request.setJsonEntity(formatted("""
+            request.setJsonEntity(Strings.format("""
                 {
                   "type": "hdfs",
                   "settings": {

qa/full-cluster-restart/src/test/java/org/elasticsearch/upgrades/FullClusterRestartIT.java

@@ -569,7 +569,7 @@ public class FullClusterRestartIT extends AbstractFullClusterRestartTestCase {
     public void testRollover() throws IOException {
         if (isRunningAgainstOldCluster()) {
             Request createIndex = new Request("PUT", "/" + index + "-000001");
-            createIndex.setJsonEntity(formatted("""
+            createIndex.setJsonEntity(Strings.format("""
                 {
                   "aliases": {
                     "%s_write": {}
@@ -995,7 +995,7 @@ public class FullClusterRestartIT extends AbstractFullClusterRestartTestCase {
 
         // Stick a routing attribute into to cluster settings so we can see it after the restore
         Request addRoutingSettings = new Request("PUT", "/_cluster/settings");
-        addRoutingSettings.setJsonEntity(formatted("""
+        addRoutingSettings.setJsonEntity(Strings.format("""
             {"persistent": {"cluster.routing.allocation.exclude.test_attr": "%s"}}
             """, getOldClusterVersion()));
         client().performRequest(addRoutingSettings);
@@ -1296,7 +1296,7 @@ public class FullClusterRestartIT extends AbstractFullClusterRestartTestCase {
         int extras = between(1, 100);
         StringBuilder bulk = new StringBuilder();
         for (int i = 0; i < extras; i++) {
-            bulk.append(formatted("""
+            bulk.append(Strings.format("""
                 {"index":{"_id":"%s"}}
                 {"test":"test"}
                 """, count + i));

qa/full-cluster-restart/src/test/java/org/elasticsearch/upgrades/QueryBuilderBWCIT.java

@@ -209,7 +209,7 @@ public class QueryBuilderBWCIT extends AbstractFullClusterRestartTestCase {
             for (int i = 0; i < CANDIDATES.size(); i++) {
                 QueryBuilder expectedQueryBuilder = (QueryBuilder) CANDIDATES.get(i)[1];
                 Request request = new Request("GET", "/" + index + "/_search");
-                request.setJsonEntity(formatted("""
+                request.setJsonEntity(Strings.format("""
                     {"query": {"ids": {"values": ["%s"]}}, "docvalue_fields": [{"field":"query.query_builder_field"}]}
                     """, i));
                 Response rsp = client().performRequest(request);

qa/logging-config/src/test/java/org/elasticsearch/common/logging/ESJsonLayoutTests.java

@@ -7,12 +7,11 @@
  */
 package org.elasticsearch.common.logging;
 
+import org.elasticsearch.core.Strings;
 import org.elasticsearch.test.ESTestCase;
 import org.hamcrest.Matchers;
 import org.junit.BeforeClass;
 
-import java.util.Locale;
-
 public class ESJsonLayoutTests extends ESTestCase {
     @BeforeClass
     public static void initNodeName() {
@@ -27,7 +26,7 @@ public class ESJsonLayoutTests extends ESTestCase {
         ESJsonLayout server = ESJsonLayout.newBuilder().setType("server").build();
         String conversionPattern = server.getPatternLayout().getConversionPattern();
 
-        assertThat(conversionPattern, Matchers.equalTo(String.format(Locale.ROOT, """
+        assertThat(conversionPattern, Matchers.equalTo(Strings.format("""
             {\
             "type": "server", \
             "timestamp": "%%d{yyyy-MM-dd'T'HH:mm:ss,SSSZZ}", \
@@ -45,7 +44,7 @@ public class ESJsonLayoutTests extends ESTestCase {
         String conversionPattern = server.getPatternLayout().getConversionPattern();
 
         // message field is removed as is expected to be provided by a field from a message
-        assertThat(conversionPattern, Matchers.equalTo(String.format(Locale.ROOT, """
+        assertThat(conversionPattern, Matchers.equalTo(Strings.format("""
             {\
             "type": "server", \
             "timestamp": "%%d{yyyy-MM-dd'T'HH:mm:ss,SSSZZ}", \

qa/mixed-cluster/src/test/java/org/elasticsearch/backwards/RareTermsIT.java

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ import org.elasticsearch.client.Response;
 import org.elasticsearch.cluster.metadata.IndexMetadata;
 import org.elasticsearch.common.settings.Settings;
 import org.elasticsearch.common.xcontent.support.XContentMapValues;
+import org.elasticsearch.core.Strings;
 import org.elasticsearch.test.rest.ESRestTestCase;
 import org.hamcrest.Matchers;
 
@@ -30,10 +31,11 @@ public class RareTermsIT extends ESRestTestCase {
         final Request request = new Request("POST", "/_bulk");
         final StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();
         for (int i = 0; i < numDocs; ++i) {
-            builder.append(formatted("""
+            Object[] args = new Object[] { index, id++, i };
+            builder.append(Strings.format("""
                 { "index" : { "_index" : "%s", "_id": "%s" } }
                 {"str_value" : "s%s"}
-                """, index, id++, i));
+                """, args));
         }
         request.setJsonEntity(builder.toString());
         assertOK(client().performRequest(request));
@@ -62,7 +64,7 @@ public class RareTermsIT extends ESRestTestCase {
 
     private void assertNumRareTerms(int maxDocs, int rareTerms) throws IOException {
         final Request request = new Request("POST", index + "/_search");
-        request.setJsonEntity(formatted("""
+        request.setJsonEntity(Strings.format("""
             {
               "aggs": {
                 "rareTerms": {

qa/mixed-cluster/src/test/java/org/elasticsearch/backwards/SearchWithMinCompatibleSearchNodeIT.java

@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ import org.elasticsearch.client.RestClient;
 import org.elasticsearch.cluster.metadata.IndexMetadata;
 import org.elasticsearch.common.settings.Settings;
 import org.elasticsearch.core.CheckedRunnable;
+import org.elasticsearch.core.Strings;
 import org.elasticsearch.rest.RestStatus;
 import org.elasticsearch.test.rest.ESRestTestCase;
 import org.elasticsearch.test.rest.ObjectPath;
@@ -84,7 +85,7 @@ public class SearchWithMinCompatibleSearchNodeIT extends ESRestTestCase {
                 );
                 assertThat(responseException.getMessage(), containsString("""
                     {"error":{"root_cause":[],"type":"search_phase_execution_exception\""""));
-                assertThat(responseException.getMessage(), containsString(formatted("""
+                assertThat(responseException.getMessage(), containsString(Strings.format("""
                     caused_by":{"type":"version_mismatch_exception",\
                     "reason":"One of the shards is incompatible with the required minimum version [%s]\"""", newVersion)));
             });

qa/repository-multi-version/src/test/java/org/elasticsearch/upgrades/MultiVersionRepositoryAccessIT.java

@@ -280,7 +280,7 @@ public class MultiVersionRepositoryAccessIT extends ESRestTestCase {
 
     private void createIndex(String name, int shards) throws IOException {
         final Request putIndexRequest = new Request("PUT", "/" + name);
-        putIndexRequest.setJsonEntity(formatted("""
+        putIndexRequest.setJsonEntity(Strings.format("""
             {
                 "settings" : {
                     "index" : {

qa/rolling-upgrade/src/test/java/org/elasticsearch/upgrades/IndexingIT.java

@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ public class IndexingIT extends AbstractRollingTestCase {
 
     public void testAutoIdWithOpTypeCreate() throws IOException {
         final String indexName = "auto_id_and_op_type_create_index";
-        String b = formatted("""
+        String b = Strings.format("""
             {"create": {"_index": "%s"}}
             {"f1": "v"}
             """, indexName);
@@ -325,7 +325,7 @@ public class IndexingIT extends AbstractRollingTestCase {
         long delta = TimeUnit.SECONDS.toMillis(20);
         double value = (timeStart - TSDB_TIMES[0]) / TimeUnit.SECONDS.toMillis(20) * rate;
         for (long t = timeStart; t < timeEnd; t += delta) {
-            bulk.append(formatted("""
+            bulk.append(Strings.format("""
                 {"index": {"_index": "tsdb"}}
                 {"@timestamp": %s, "dim": "%s", "value": %s}
                 """, t, dim, value));

qa/rolling-upgrade/src/test/java/org/elasticsearch/upgrades/UpgradeWithOldIndexSettingsIT.java

@@ -13,9 +13,9 @@ import org.elasticsearch.client.Request;
 import org.elasticsearch.client.Response;
 import org.elasticsearch.client.ResponseException;
 import org.elasticsearch.common.xcontent.support.XContentMapValues;
+import org.elasticsearch.core.Strings;
 
 import java.io.IOException;
-import java.util.Locale;
 import java.util.Map;
 
 import static org.elasticsearch.rest.action.search.RestSearchAction.TOTAL_HITS_AS_INT_PARAM;
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ public class UpgradeWithOldIndexSettingsIT extends AbstractRollingTestCase {
                 if (UPGRADE_FROM_VERSION.before(Version.V_8_0_0)) {
                     bulk.setOptions(expectWarnings(EXPECTED_WARNING));
                 }
-                bulk.setJsonEntity(String.format(Locale.ROOT, """
+                bulk.setJsonEntity(Strings.format("""
                     {"index": {"_index": "%s"}}
                     {"f1": "v1", "f2": "v2"}
                     """, INDEX_NAME));
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ public class UpgradeWithOldIndexSettingsIT extends AbstractRollingTestCase {
                 if (UPGRADE_FROM_VERSION.before(Version.V_8_0_0)) {
                     bulk.setOptions(expectWarnings(EXPECTED_WARNING));
                 }
-                bulk.setJsonEntity(String.format(Locale.ROOT, """
+                bulk.setJsonEntity(Strings.format("""
                     {"index": {"_index": "%s"}}
                     {"f1": "v3", "f2": "v4"}
                     """, INDEX_NAME));

server/src/internalClusterTest/java/org/elasticsearch/action/admin/cluster/allocation/ClusterAllocationExplainIT.java

@@ -366,7 +366,7 @@ public final class ClusterAllocationExplainIT extends ESIntegTestCase {
                     assertThat(d.getExplanation(), startsWith("a copy of this shard is already allocated to this node ["));
                 } else if (d.label().equals("filter") && nodeHoldingPrimary == false) {
                     assertEquals(Decision.Type.NO, d.type());
-                    assertEquals(formatted("""
+                    assertEquals(Strings.format("""
                         node does not match index setting [index.routing.allocation.include] \
                         filters [_name:"%s"]\
                         """, primaryNodeName), d.getExplanation());
@@ -914,7 +914,7 @@ public final class ClusterAllocationExplainIT extends ESIntegTestCase {
         for (Decision d : result.getCanAllocateDecision().getDecisions()) {
             if (d.label().equals("filter")) {
                 assertEquals(Decision.Type.NO, d.type());
-                assertEquals(formatted("""
+                assertEquals(Strings.format("""
                     node does not match index setting [index.routing.allocation.include] filters [_name:"%s"]\
                     """, primaryNodeName), d.getExplanation());
             } else {

server/src/internalClusterTest/java/org/elasticsearch/action/admin/indices/rollover/RolloverIT.java

@@ -837,8 +837,8 @@ public class RolloverIT extends ESIntegTestCase {
                         .prepareRolloverIndex(aliasName)
                         .waitForActiveShards(ActiveShardCount.NONE)
                         .get();
-                    assertThat(response.getOldIndex(), equalTo(aliasName + formatted("-%06d", j)));
+                    assertThat(response.getOldIndex(), equalTo(aliasName + Strings.format("-%06d", j)));
-                    assertThat(response.getNewIndex(), equalTo(aliasName + formatted("-%06d", j + 1)));
+                    assertThat(response.getNewIndex(), equalTo(aliasName + Strings.format("-%06d", j + 1)));
                     assertThat(response.isDryRun(), equalTo(false));
                     assertThat(response.isRolledOver(), equalTo(true));
                 }
@@ -859,7 +859,7 @@ public class RolloverIT extends ESIntegTestCase {
             for (int j = 1; j <= numOfIndices; j++) {
                 AliasMetadata.Builder amBuilder = new AliasMetadata.Builder(aliasName);
                 amBuilder.writeIndex(j == numOfIndices);
-                expected.add(Map.entry(aliasName + formatted("-%06d", j), List.of(amBuilder.build())));
+                expected.add(Map.entry(aliasName + Strings.format("-%06d", j), List.of(amBuilder.build())));
             }
             assertThat(actual, containsInAnyOrder(expected.toArray(Object[]::new)));
         }

server/src/internalClusterTest/java/org/elasticsearch/action/search/SearchProgressActionListenerIT.java

@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ import org.apache.lucene.search.TotalHits;
 import org.elasticsearch.action.admin.cluster.shards.ClusterSearchShardsResponse;
 import org.elasticsearch.client.internal.Client;
 import org.elasticsearch.client.internal.node.NodeClient;
+import org.elasticsearch.core.Strings;
 import org.elasticsearch.index.query.QueryBuilders;
 import org.elasticsearch.search.SearchShardTarget;
 import org.elasticsearch.search.aggregations.AggregationBuilders;
@@ -184,7 +185,7 @@ public class SearchProgressActionListenerIT extends ESSingleNodeTestCase {
     private static List<SearchShard> createRandomIndices(Client client) {
         int numIndices = randomIntBetween(3, 20);
         for (int i = 0; i < numIndices; i++) {
-            String indexName = formatted("index-%03d", i);
+            String indexName = Strings.format("index-%03d", i);
             assertAcked(client.admin().indices().prepareCreate(indexName).get());
             client.prepareIndex(indexName).setSource("number", i, "foo", "bar").get();
         }

server/src/internalClusterTest/java/org/elasticsearch/action/support/WaitActiveShardCountIT.java

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ import org.elasticsearch.action.admin.indices.create.CreateIndexResponse;
 import org.elasticsearch.cluster.health.ClusterHealthStatus;
 import org.elasticsearch.common.Priority;
 import org.elasticsearch.common.settings.Settings;
+import org.elasticsearch.core.Strings;
 import org.elasticsearch.rest.RestStatus;
 import org.elasticsearch.test.ESIntegTestCase;
 import org.elasticsearch.xcontent.XContentType;
@@ -126,7 +127,7 @@ public class WaitActiveShardCountIT extends ESIntegTestCase {
     }
 
     private String source(String id, String nameValue) {
-        return formatted("""
+        return Strings.format("""
             { "type1" : { "id" : "%s", "name" : "%s" } }
             """, id, nameValue);
     }

server/src/internalClusterTest/java/org/elasticsearch/discovery/MasterDisruptionIT.java

@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ import org.elasticsearch.cluster.ClusterState;
 import org.elasticsearch.cluster.coordination.NoMasterBlockService;
 import org.elasticsearch.cluster.metadata.IndexMetadata;
 import org.elasticsearch.common.settings.Settings;
+import org.elasticsearch.core.Strings;
 import org.elasticsearch.core.TimeValue;
 import org.elasticsearch.test.ESIntegTestCase;
 import org.elasticsearch.test.disruption.BlockMasterServiceOnMaster;
@@ -142,7 +143,7 @@ public class MasterDisruptionIT extends AbstractDisruptionTestCase {
                     assertEquals("different meta data version", state.metadata().version(), nodeState.metadata().version());
                     assertEquals("different routing", state.routingTable().toString(), nodeState.routingTable().toString());
                 } catch (AssertionError t) {
-                    fail(formatted("""
+                    fail(Strings.format("""
                         failed comparing cluster state: %s
                         --- cluster state of node [%s]: ---
                         %s
@@ -202,7 +203,7 @@ public class MasterDisruptionIT extends AbstractDisruptionTestCase {
                 success = false;
             }
             if (success == false) {
-                fail(formatted("""
+                fail(Strings.format("""
                     node [%s] has no master or has blocks, despite of being on the right side of the partition. State dump:
                     %s""", node, nodeState));
             }

server/src/internalClusterTest/java/org/elasticsearch/get/GetActionIT.java

@@ -789,7 +789,7 @@ public class GetActionIT extends ESIntegTestCase {
     void indexSingleDocumentWithStringFieldsGeneratedFromText(boolean stored, boolean sourceEnabled) {
 
         String storedString = stored ? "true" : "false";
-        String createIndexSource = formatted("""
+        String createIndexSource = Strings.format("""
             {
               "settings": {
                 "index.translog.flush_threshold_size": "1pb",

server/src/internalClusterTest/java/org/elasticsearch/indices/IndicesLifecycleListenerIT.java

@@ -35,7 +35,6 @@ import org.hamcrest.Matchers;
 import java.util.Arrays;
 import java.util.Collection;
 import java.util.List;
-import java.util.Locale;
 import java.util.Map;
 import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
 import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentMap;
@@ -272,7 +271,7 @@ public class IndicesLifecycleListenerIT extends ESIntegTestCase {
         try {
             assertBusy(waitPredicate, 1, TimeUnit.MINUTES);
         } catch (AssertionError ae) {
-            fail(String.format(Locale.ROOT, """
+            fail(Strings.format("""
                 failed to observe expect shard states
                 expected: [%d] shards with states: %s
                 observed:

server/src/internalClusterTest/java/org/elasticsearch/indices/mapping/ConcurrentDynamicTemplateIT.java

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ package org.elasticsearch.indices.mapping;
 
 import org.elasticsearch.action.ActionListener;
 import org.elasticsearch.action.index.IndexResponse;
+import org.elasticsearch.core.Strings;
 import org.elasticsearch.index.query.QueryBuilders;
 import org.elasticsearch.test.ESIntegTestCase;
 
@@ -28,7 +29,7 @@ public class ConcurrentDynamicTemplateIT extends ESIntegTestCase {
     // see #3544
     public void testConcurrentDynamicMapping() throws Exception {
         final String fieldName = "field";
-        final String mapping = formatted("""
+        final String mapping = Strings.format("""
             {
               "dynamic_templates": [
                 {

server/src/internalClusterTest/java/org/elasticsearch/repositories/IndexSnapshotsServiceIT.java

@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ import org.elasticsearch.action.admin.cluster.state.ClusterStateResponse;
 import org.elasticsearch.action.support.PlainActionFuture;
 import org.elasticsearch.cluster.metadata.IndexMetadata;
 import org.elasticsearch.common.util.CollectionUtils;
+import org.elasticsearch.core.Strings;
 import org.elasticsearch.index.Index;
 import org.elasticsearch.index.shard.ShardId;
 import org.elasticsearch.repositories.fs.FsRepository;
@@ -31,7 +32,6 @@ import java.nio.file.Path;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.Collections;
 import java.util.List;
-import java.util.Locale;
 import java.util.Map;
 import java.util.Optional;
 
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ public class IndexSnapshotsServiceIT extends AbstractSnapshotIntegTestCase {
                 assertThat(repositoryException, is(notNullValue()));
                 assertThat(
                     repositoryException.getMessage(),
-                    equalTo(formatted("[%s] Unable to find the latest snapshot for shard [[idx][0]]", repository))
+                    equalTo(Strings.format("[%s] Unable to find the latest snapshot for shard [[idx][0]]", repository))
                 );
             }
         } else {
@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ public class IndexSnapshotsServiceIT extends AbstractSnapshotIntegTestCase {
                 indexRandomDocs(indexName2, 10);
             }
             final List<String> snapshotIndices = randomSubsetOf(indices);
-            final SnapshotInfo snapshotInfo = createSnapshot(repoName, formatted("snap-%03d", i), snapshotIndices);
+            final SnapshotInfo snapshotInfo = createSnapshot(repoName, Strings.format("snap-%03d", i), snapshotIndices);
             if (snapshotInfo.indices().contains(indexName)) {
                 lastSnapshot = snapshotInfo;
                 ClusterStateResponse clusterStateResponse = admin().cluster().prepareState().execute().actionGet();
@@ -206,10 +206,12 @@ public class IndexSnapshotsServiceIT extends AbstractSnapshotIntegTestCase {
         createIndexWithContent(indexName);
 
         int snapshotIdx = 0;
-        createSnapshot(failingRepoName, formatted("snap-%03d", snapshotIdx++), Collections.singletonList(indexName));
+        Object[] args1 = new Object[] { snapshotIdx++ };
+        createSnapshot(failingRepoName, Strings.format("snap-%03d", args1), Collections.singletonList(indexName));
         SnapshotInfo latestSnapshot = null;
         for (String workingRepoName : workingRepoNames) {
-            String snapshot = formatted("snap-%03d", snapshotIdx++);
+            Object[] args = new Object[] { snapshotIdx++ };
+            String snapshot = Strings.format("snap-%03d", args);
             latestSnapshot = createSnapshot(workingRepoName, snapshot, Collections.singletonList(indexName));
         }
 
@@ -234,7 +236,7 @@ public class IndexSnapshotsServiceIT extends AbstractSnapshotIntegTestCase {
         assertThat(error.isPresent(), is(equalTo(true)));
         assertThat(
             error.get().getMessage(),
-            equalTo(String.format(Locale.ROOT, "[%s] Unable to find the latest snapshot for shard [[%s][0]]", failingRepoName, indexName))
+            equalTo(Strings.format("[%s] Unable to find the latest snapshot for shard [[%s][0]]", failingRepoName, indexName))
         );
 
         for (String workingRepoName : workingRepoNames) {
@@ -264,7 +266,8 @@ public class IndexSnapshotsServiceIT extends AbstractSnapshotIntegTestCase {
         int snapshotIdx = 0;
         SnapshotInfo expectedLatestSnapshot = null;
         for (String repository : repositories) {
-            String snapshot = formatted("snap-%03d", snapshotIdx++);
+            Object[] args = new Object[] { snapshotIdx++ };
+            String snapshot = Strings.format("snap-%03d", args);
             expectedLatestSnapshot = createSnapshot(repository, snapshot, Collections.singletonList(indexName));
         }
 

server/src/internalClusterTest/java/org/elasticsearch/script/StoredScriptsIT.java

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ package org.elasticsearch.script;
 
 import org.elasticsearch.common.bytes.BytesArray;
 import org.elasticsearch.common.settings.Settings;
+import org.elasticsearch.core.Strings;
 import org.elasticsearch.plugins.Plugin;
 import org.elasticsearch.test.ESIntegTestCase;
 import org.elasticsearch.xcontent.XContentType;
@@ -40,7 +41,7 @@ public class StoredScriptsIT extends ESIntegTestCase {
     }
 
     public void testBasics() {
-        assertAcked(client().admin().cluster().preparePutStoredScript().setId("foobar").setContent(new BytesArray(formatted("""
+        assertAcked(client().admin().cluster().preparePutStoredScript().setId("foobar").setContent(new BytesArray(Strings.format("""
             {"script": {"lang": "%s", "source": "1"} }
             """, LANG)), XContentType.JSON));
         String script = client().admin().cluster().prepareGetStoredScript("foobar").get().getSource().getSource();
@@ -53,9 +54,9 @@ public class StoredScriptsIT extends ESIntegTestCase {
 
         IllegalArgumentException e = expectThrows(
             IllegalArgumentException.class,
-            () -> client().admin().cluster().preparePutStoredScript().setId("id#").setContent(new BytesArray(formatted("""
+            () -> { client().admin().cluster().preparePutStoredScript().setId("id#").setContent(new BytesArray(Strings.format("""
                 {"script": {"lang": "%s", "source": "1"} }
-                """, LANG)), XContentType.JSON).get()
+                """, LANG)), XContentType.JSON).get(); }
         );
         assertEquals("Validation Failed: 1: id cannot contain '#' for stored script;", e.getMessage());
     }
@@ -63,9 +64,9 @@ public class StoredScriptsIT extends ESIntegTestCase {
     public void testMaxScriptSize() {
         IllegalArgumentException e = expectThrows(
             IllegalArgumentException.class,
-            () -> client().admin().cluster().preparePutStoredScript().setId("foobar").setContent(new BytesArray(formatted("""
+            () -> { client().admin().cluster().preparePutStoredScript().setId("foobar").setContent(new BytesArray(Strings.format("""
                 {"script": { "lang": "%s", "source":"0123456789abcdef"} }\
-                """, LANG)), XContentType.JSON).get()
+                """, LANG)), XContentType.JSON).get(); }
         );
         assertEquals("exceeded max allowed stored script size in bytes [64] with size [65] for script [foobar]", e.getMessage());
     }

server/src/internalClusterTest/java/org/elasticsearch/search/aggregations/bucket/DoubleTermsIT.java

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ import org.elasticsearch.ElasticsearchException;
 import org.elasticsearch.action.index.IndexRequestBuilder;
 import org.elasticsearch.action.search.SearchResponse;
 import org.elasticsearch.common.settings.Settings;
+import org.elasticsearch.core.Strings;
 import org.elasticsearch.index.fielddata.ScriptDocValues;
 import org.elasticsearch.index.query.QueryBuilders;
 import org.elasticsearch.plugins.Plugin;
@@ -520,7 +521,7 @@ public class DoubleTermsIT extends AbstractTermsTestCase {
         assertThat(terms.getBuckets().size(), equalTo(5));
 
         for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
-            String key = formatted("%07.2f", (double) i);
+            String key = Strings.format("%07.2f", (double) i);
             DoubleTerms.Bucket bucket = terms.getBucketByKey(key);
             assertThat(bucket, notNullValue());
             assertThat(bucket.getKeyAsString(), equalTo(key));

server/src/internalClusterTest/java/org/elasticsearch/search/aggregations/bucket/LongTermsIT.java

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ import org.elasticsearch.ElasticsearchException;
 import org.elasticsearch.action.index.IndexRequestBuilder;
 import org.elasticsearch.action.search.SearchResponse;
 import org.elasticsearch.common.settings.Settings;
+import org.elasticsearch.core.Strings;
 import org.elasticsearch.index.fielddata.ScriptDocValues;
 import org.elasticsearch.index.query.QueryBuilders;
 import org.elasticsearch.plugins.Plugin;
@@ -510,7 +511,7 @@ public class LongTermsIT extends AbstractTermsTestCase {
         assertThat(terms.getBuckets().size(), equalTo(5));
 
         for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
-            String key = formatted("%04d", i);
+            String key = Strings.format("%04d", i);
             LongTerms.Bucket bucket = terms.getBucketByKey(key);
             assertThat(bucket, notNullValue());
             assertThat(bucket.getKeyAsString(), equalTo(key));

server/src/internalClusterTest/java/org/elasticsearch/search/aggregations/bucket/SignificantTermsSignificanceScoreIT.java

@@ -150,7 +150,8 @@ public class SignificantTermsSignificanceScoreIT extends ESIntegTestCase {
         classes.toXContent(responseBuilder, ToXContent.EMPTY_PARAMS);
         responseBuilder.endObject();
 
-        String result = formatted("""
+        Object[] args = new Object[] { type.equals("long") ? "0" : "\"0\"", type.equals("long") ? "1" : "\"1\"" };
+        String result = Strings.format("""
             {
               "class": {
                 "doc_count_error_upper_bound": 0,
@@ -191,7 +192,7 @@ public class SignificantTermsSignificanceScoreIT extends ESIntegTestCase {
                 ]
               }
             }
-            """, type.equals("long") ? "0" : "\"0\"", type.equals("long") ? "1" : "\"1\"");
+            """, args);
         assertThat(Strings.toString(responseBuilder), equalTo(XContentHelper.stripWhitespace(result)));
 
     }

server/src/internalClusterTest/java/org/elasticsearch/search/aggregations/metrics/ScriptedMetricIT.java

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ import org.elasticsearch.action.search.SearchResponse;
 import org.elasticsearch.common.bytes.BytesArray;
 import org.elasticsearch.common.settings.Settings;
 import org.elasticsearch.common.xcontent.support.XContentMapValues;
+import org.elasticsearch.core.Strings;
 import org.elasticsearch.plugins.Plugin;
 import org.elasticsearch.script.MockScriptPlugin;
 import org.elasticsearch.script.Script;
@@ -303,23 +304,29 @@ public class ScriptedMetricIT extends ESIntegTestCase {
         // When using the MockScriptPlugin we can map Stored scripts to inline scripts:
         // the id of the stored script is used in test method while the source of the stored script
         // must match a predefined script from CustomScriptPlugin.pluginScripts() method
-        assertAcked(client().admin().cluster().preparePutStoredScript().setId("initScript_stored").setContent(new BytesArray(formatted("""
+        assertAcked(
+            client().admin().cluster().preparePutStoredScript().setId("initScript_stored").setContent(new BytesArray(Strings.format("""
                 {"script": {"lang": "%s", "source": "vars.multiplier = 3"} }
-            """, MockScriptPlugin.NAME)), XContentType.JSON));
+                """, MockScriptPlugin.NAME)), XContentType.JSON)
-
+        );
-        assertAcked(client().admin().cluster().preparePutStoredScript().setId("mapScript_stored").setContent(new BytesArray(formatted("""
-            {"script": {"lang": "%s", "source": "state.list.add(vars.multiplier)"} }
-            """, MockScriptPlugin.NAME)), XContentType.JSON));
 
         assertAcked(
-            client().admin().cluster().preparePutStoredScript().setId("combineScript_stored").setContent(new BytesArray(formatted("""
+            client().admin().cluster().preparePutStoredScript().setId("mapScript_stored").setContent(new BytesArray(Strings.format("""
+                {"script": {"lang": "%s", "source": "state.list.add(vars.multiplier)"} }
+                """, MockScriptPlugin.NAME)), XContentType.JSON)
+        );
+
+        assertAcked(
+            client().admin().cluster().preparePutStoredScript().setId("combineScript_stored").setContent(new BytesArray(Strings.format("""
                 {"script": {"lang": "%s", "source": "sum state values as a new aggregation"} }
                 """, MockScriptPlugin.NAME)), XContentType.JSON)
         );
 
-        assertAcked(client().admin().cluster().preparePutStoredScript().setId("reduceScript_stored").setContent(new BytesArray(formatted("""
+        assertAcked(
+            client().admin().cluster().preparePutStoredScript().setId("reduceScript_stored").setContent(new BytesArray(Strings.format("""
                 {"script": {"lang": "%s", "source": "sum all states (lists) values as a new aggregation"} }
-            """, MockScriptPlugin.NAME)), XContentType.JSON));
+                """, MockScriptPlugin.NAME)), XContentType.JSON)
+        );
 
         indexRandom(true, builders);
         ensureSearchable();

server/src/internalClusterTest/java/org/elasticsearch/search/functionscore/DecayFunctionScoreIT.java

@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ import org.elasticsearch.common.lucene.search.function.CombineFunction;
 import org.elasticsearch.common.lucene.search.function.FunctionScoreQuery;
 import org.elasticsearch.common.lucene.search.function.FunctionScoreQuery.ScoreMode;
 import org.elasticsearch.common.settings.Settings;
+import org.elasticsearch.core.Strings;
 import org.elasticsearch.index.query.QueryBuilder;
 import org.elasticsearch.index.query.QueryBuilders;
 import org.elasticsearch.index.query.functionscore.FunctionScoreQueryBuilder;
@@ -771,27 +772,27 @@ public class DecayFunctionScoreIT extends ESIntegTestCase {
         ZonedDateTime docDate = dt.minusDays(1);
         String docDateString = docDate.getYear()
             + "-"
-            + formatted("%02d", docDate.getMonthValue())
+            + Strings.format("%02d", docDate.getMonthValue())
             + "-"
-            + formatted("%02d", docDate.getDayOfMonth());
+            + Strings.format("%02d", docDate.getDayOfMonth());
         client().index(
             indexRequest("test").id("1").source(jsonBuilder().startObject().field("test", "value").field("num1", docDateString).endObject())
         ).actionGet();
         docDate = dt.minusDays(2);
         docDateString = docDate.getYear()
             + "-"
-            + formatted("%02d", docDate.getMonthValue())
+            + Strings.format("%02d", docDate.getMonthValue())
             + "-"
-            + formatted("%02d", docDate.getDayOfMonth());
+            + Strings.format("%02d", docDate.getDayOfMonth());
         client().index(
             indexRequest("test").id("2").source(jsonBuilder().startObject().field("test", "value").field("num1", docDateString).endObject())
         ).actionGet();
         docDate = dt.minusDays(3);
         docDateString = docDate.getYear()
             + "-"
-            + formatted("%02d", docDate.getMonthValue())
+            + Strings.format("%02d", docDate.getMonthValue())
             + "-"
-            + formatted("%02d", docDate.getDayOfMonth());
+            + Strings.format("%02d", docDate.getDayOfMonth());
         client().index(
             indexRequest("test").id("3").source(jsonBuilder().startObject().field("test", "value").field("num1", docDateString).endObject())
         ).actionGet();

server/src/internalClusterTest/java/org/elasticsearch/search/sort/FieldSortIT.java

@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ import org.elasticsearch.action.search.SearchResponse;
 import org.elasticsearch.action.search.ShardSearchFailure;
 import org.elasticsearch.cluster.metadata.IndexMetadata;
 import org.elasticsearch.common.settings.Settings;
+import org.elasticsearch.core.Strings;
 import org.elasticsearch.index.fielddata.ScriptDocValues;
 import org.elasticsearch.index.query.QueryBuilders;
 import org.elasticsearch.index.query.functionscore.ScoreFunctionBuilders;
@@ -166,7 +167,7 @@ public class FieldSortIT extends ESIntegTestCase {
                             "foo",
                             "bar",
                             "timeUpdated",
-                            "2014/07/" + formatted("%02d", i + 1) + " " + formatted("%02d", j + 1) + ":00:00"
+                            "2014/07/" + Strings.format("%02d", i + 1) + " " + Strings.format("%02d", j + 1) + ":00:00"
                         )
                 );
             }
@@ -191,7 +192,7 @@ public class FieldSortIT extends ESIntegTestCase {
                 .setQuery(
                     QueryBuilders.boolQuery()
                         .must(QueryBuilders.termQuery("foo", "bar"))
-                        .must(QueryBuilders.rangeQuery("timeUpdated").gte("2014/" + formatted("%02d", randomIntBetween(1, 7)) + "/01"))
+                        .must(QueryBuilders.rangeQuery("timeUpdated").gte("2014/" + Strings.format("%02d", randomIntBetween(1, 7)) + "/01"))
                 )
                 .addSort(new FieldSortBuilder("timeUpdated").order(SortOrder.ASC).unmappedType("date"))
                 .setSize(scaledRandomIntBetween(1, docs))

server/src/internalClusterTest/java/org/elasticsearch/search/suggest/CompletionSuggestSearchIT.java

@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ import org.elasticsearch.action.support.master.AcknowledgedResponse;
 import org.elasticsearch.common.FieldMemoryStats;
 import org.elasticsearch.common.settings.Settings;
 import org.elasticsearch.common.unit.Fuzziness;
+import org.elasticsearch.core.Strings;
 import org.elasticsearch.index.mapper.MapperParsingException;
 import org.elasticsearch.index.query.QueryBuilders;
 import org.elasticsearch.plugins.Plugin;
@@ -1248,7 +1249,7 @@ public class CompletionSuggestSearchIT extends ESIntegTestCase {
             }
         } else {
             for (String expectedSuggestion : suggestions) {
-                String errMsg = String.format(Locale.ROOT, "Expected elem %s to be in list %s", expectedSuggestion, suggestionList);
+                String errMsg = Strings.format("Expected elem %s to be in list %s", expectedSuggestion, suggestionList);
                 assertThat(errMsg, suggestionList, hasItem(expectedSuggestion));
             }
         }

server/src/internalClusterTest/java/org/elasticsearch/snapshots/CorruptedBlobStoreRepositoryIT.java

@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ import org.elasticsearch.common.bytes.BytesReference;
 import org.elasticsearch.common.settings.Settings;
 import org.elasticsearch.common.unit.ByteSizeUnit;
 import org.elasticsearch.core.IOUtils;
+import org.elasticsearch.core.Strings;
 import org.elasticsearch.repositories.IndexId;
 import org.elasticsearch.repositories.IndexMetaDataGenerations;
 import org.elasticsearch.repositories.Repository;
@@ -39,7 +40,6 @@ import java.nio.file.Path;
 import java.nio.file.StandardOpenOption;
 import java.util.Collections;
 import java.util.List;
-import java.util.Locale;
 import java.util.Map;
 import java.util.function.Function;
 import java.util.stream.Collectors;
@@ -289,7 +289,7 @@ public class CorruptedBlobStoreRepositoryIT extends AbstractSnapshotIntegTestCas
 
         final SnapshotId snapshotToCorrupt = randomFrom(repositoryData.getSnapshotIds());
         logger.info("--> delete root level snapshot metadata blob for snapshot [{}]", snapshotToCorrupt);
-        Files.delete(repo.resolve(String.format(Locale.ROOT, BlobStoreRepository.SNAPSHOT_NAME_FORMAT, snapshotToCorrupt.getUUID())));
+        Files.delete(repo.resolve(Strings.format(BlobStoreRepository.SNAPSHOT_NAME_FORMAT, snapshotToCorrupt.getUUID())));
 
         logger.info("--> strip version information from index-N blob");
         final RepositoryData withoutVersions = new RepositoryData(

server/src/internalClusterTest/java/org/elasticsearch/versioning/SimpleVersioningIT.java

@@ -19,13 +19,13 @@ import org.elasticsearch.action.search.SearchResponse;
 import org.elasticsearch.cluster.metadata.IndexMetadata;
 import org.elasticsearch.common.lucene.uid.Versions;
 import org.elasticsearch.common.settings.Settings;
+import org.elasticsearch.core.Strings;
 import org.elasticsearch.index.VersionType;
 import org.elasticsearch.index.engine.VersionConflictEngineException;
 import org.elasticsearch.test.ESIntegTestCase;
 
 import java.util.HashMap;
 import java.util.HashSet;
-import java.util.Locale;
 import java.util.Map;
 import java.util.Random;
 import java.util.Set;
@@ -471,7 +471,7 @@ public class SimpleVersioningIT extends ESIntegTestCase {
                 // zero-pad sequential
                 logger.info("--> use zero-padded sequential ids");
                 yield new IDSource() {
-                    final String zeroPad = String.format(Locale.ROOT, "%0" + TestUtil.nextInt(random, 4, 20) + "d", 0);
+                    final String zeroPad = Strings.format("%0" + TestUtil.nextInt(random, 4, 20) + "d", 0);
                     int upto;
 
                     @Override

server/src/main/java/org/elasticsearch/common/Strings.java

@@ -917,4 +917,11 @@ public class Strings {
             .collect(StringBuilder::new, StringBuilder::appendCodePoint, StringBuilder::append)
             .toString();
     }
+
+    /**
+     * Alias for {@link org.elasticsearch.core.Strings#format}
+     */
+    public static String format(String format, Object... args) {
+        return org.elasticsearch.core.Strings.format(format, args);
+    }
 }

server/src/test/java/org/elasticsearch/ElasticsearchExceptionTests.java

@@ -588,9 +588,10 @@ public class ElasticsearchExceptionTests extends ESTestCase {
                 builder.endObject();
                 actual = Strings.toString(builder);
             }
-            assertThat(actual, startsWith(formatted("""
+            Object[] args = new Object[] { Constants.WINDOWS ? "\\r\\n" : "\\n" };
+            assertThat(actual, startsWith(Strings.format("""
                 {"type":"exception","reason":"foo","caused_by":{"type":"illegal_state_exception","reason":"bar",\
-                "stack_trace":"java.lang.IllegalStateException: bar%s\\tat org.elasticsearch.""", Constants.WINDOWS ? "\\r\\n" : "\\n")));
+                "stack_trace":"java.lang.IllegalStateException: bar%s\\tat org.elasticsearch.""", args)));
         }
     }
 

server/src/test/java/org/elasticsearch/action/admin/cluster/allocation/ClusterAllocationExplainActionTests.java

@@ -93,10 +93,23 @@ public class ClusterAllocationExplainActionTests extends ESTestCase {
         } else {
             explanation = "the shard is in the process of initializing on node [], " + "wait until initialization has completed";
         }
-        assertEquals(
+        Object[] args = new Object[] {
-            XContentHelper.stripWhitespace(
+            shardRoutingState.toString().toLowerCase(Locale.ROOT),
-                formatted(
+            shard.unassignedInfo() != null
+                ? Strings.format(
                     """
+                        ,"unassigned_info": {"reason": "%s", "at": "%s", "last_allocation_status": "%s"}
+                        """,
+                    shard.unassignedInfo().getReason(),
+                    UnassignedInfo.DATE_TIME_FORMATTER.format(Instant.ofEpochMilli(shard.unassignedInfo().getUnassignedTimeInMillis())),
+                    AllocationDecision.fromAllocationStatus(shard.unassignedInfo().getLastAllocationStatus())
+                )
+                : "",
+            cae.getCurrentNode().getId(),
+            cae.getCurrentNode().getName(),
+            cae.getCurrentNode().getAddress(),
+            explanation };
+        assertEquals(XContentHelper.stripWhitespace(Strings.format("""
             {
               "index": "idx",
               "shard": 0,
@@ -109,28 +122,7 @@ public class ClusterAllocationExplainActionTests extends ESTestCase {
                 "transport_address": "%s"
               },
               "explanation": "%s"
-                        }""",
+            }""", args)), Strings.toString(builder));
-                    shardRoutingState.toString().toLowerCase(Locale.ROOT),
-                    shard.unassignedInfo() != null
-                        ? formatted(
-                            """
-                                ,"unassigned_info": {"reason": "%s", "at": "%s", "last_allocation_status": "%s"}
-                                """,
-                            shard.unassignedInfo().getReason(),
-                            UnassignedInfo.DATE_TIME_FORMATTER.format(
-                                Instant.ofEpochMilli(shard.unassignedInfo().getUnassignedTimeInMillis())
-                            ),
-                            AllocationDecision.fromAllocationStatus(shard.unassignedInfo().getLastAllocationStatus())
-                        )
-                        : "",
-                    cae.getCurrentNode().getId(),
-                    cae.getCurrentNode().getName(),
-                    cae.getCurrentNode().getAddress(),
-                    explanation
-                )
-            ),
-            Strings.toString(builder)
-        );
     }
 
     public void testFindAnyUnassignedShardToExplain() {

server/src/test/java/org/elasticsearch/action/admin/cluster/allocation/ClusterAllocationExplanationTests.java

@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ public final class ClusterAllocationExplanationTests extends ESTestCase {
         ClusterAllocationExplanation cae = randomClusterAllocationExplanation(true, true);
         XContentBuilder builder = XContentFactory.jsonBuilder();
         cae.toXContent(builder, ToXContent.EMPTY_PARAMS);
-        assertEquals(XContentHelper.stripWhitespace(formatted("""
+        assertEquals(XContentHelper.stripWhitespace(Strings.format("""
             {
               "index": "idx",
               "shard": 0,
@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ public final class ClusterAllocationExplanationTests extends ESTestCase {
             actual,
             equalTo(
                 XContentHelper.stripWhitespace(
-                    formatted(
+                    Strings.format(
                         """
                             {
                               "note": "%s",

server/src/test/java/org/elasticsearch/action/admin/cluster/reroute/ClusterRerouteResponseTests.java

@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ public class ClusterRerouteResponseTests extends ESTestCase {
 
         var result = toXContent(clusterRerouteResponse, new ToXContent.MapParams(Map.of("explain", "true", "metric", "none")));
 
-        assertThat(result, equalTo(XContentHelper.stripWhitespace(formatted("""
+        assertThat(result, equalTo(XContentHelper.stripWhitespace(Strings.format("""
             {
               "acknowledged": true,
               "explanations": [
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ public class ClusterRerouteResponseTests extends ESTestCase {
 
         var result = toXContent(clusterRerouteResponse, ToXContent.EMPTY_PARAMS);
 
-        assertThat(result, equalTo(XContentHelper.stripWhitespace(formatted("""
+        assertThat(result, equalTo(XContentHelper.stripWhitespace(Strings.format("""
             {
               "acknowledged": true,
               "state": {

server/src/test/java/org/elasticsearch/action/admin/cluster/snapshots/status/SnapshotStatusTests.java

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ package org.elasticsearch.action.admin.cluster.snapshots.status;
 import org.elasticsearch.cluster.SnapshotsInProgress;
 import org.elasticsearch.common.UUIDs;
 import org.elasticsearch.common.io.stream.Writeable;
+import org.elasticsearch.core.Strings;
 import org.elasticsearch.index.shard.ShardId;
 import org.elasticsearch.snapshots.Snapshot;
 import org.elasticsearch.snapshots.SnapshotId;
@@ -55,7 +56,7 @@ public class SnapshotStatusTests extends AbstractChunkedSerializingTestCase<Snap
             case FAILURE -> failedShards++;
         }
 
-        String expected = formatted(
+        String expected = Strings.format(
             """
                 {
                   "snapshot" : "test-snap",

server/src/test/java/org/elasticsearch/action/admin/cluster/stats/ClusterStatsNodesTests.java

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ import org.elasticsearch.action.admin.cluster.node.stats.NodeStatsTests;
 import org.elasticsearch.cluster.node.DiscoveryNode;
 import org.elasticsearch.common.network.NetworkModule;
 import org.elasticsearch.common.settings.Settings;
+import org.elasticsearch.core.Strings;
 import org.elasticsearch.index.stats.IndexingPressureStats;
 import org.elasticsearch.test.ESTestCase;
 import org.elasticsearch.xcontent.XContentType;
@@ -92,7 +93,7 @@ public class ClusterStatsNodesTests extends ESTestCase {
             long failedCount = statValues[1];
             long current = statValues[2];
             long timeInMillis = statValues[3];
-            processorStatsString.append(formatted("""
+            processorStatsString.append(Strings.format("""
                 "%s":{"count":%s,"failed":%s,"current":%s,"time_in_millis":%s}\
                 """, entry.getKey(), count, failedCount, current, timeInMillis));
             if (iter.hasNext()) {
@@ -100,7 +101,7 @@ public class ClusterStatsNodesTests extends ESTestCase {
             }
         }
         processorStatsString.append("}");
-        assertThat(toXContent(stats, XContentType.JSON, false).utf8ToString(), equalTo(formatted("""
+        assertThat(toXContent(stats, XContentType.JSON, false).utf8ToString(), equalTo(Strings.format("""
             {"ingest":{"number_of_pipelines":%s,"processor_stats":%s}}\
             """, stats.pipelineCount, processorStatsString)));
     }

server/src/test/java/org/elasticsearch/action/admin/cluster/stats/IndexFeatureStatsTests.java

@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ public class IndexFeatureStatsTests extends AbstractWireSerializingTestCase<Inde
 
     public void testToXContent() {
         IndexFeatureStats testInstance = createTestInstance();
-        assertEquals(formatted("""
+        assertEquals(Strings.format("""
             {"name":"%s","count":%s,"index_count":%s}\
             """, testInstance.name, testInstance.count, testInstance.indexCount), Strings.toString(testInstance));
     }

server/src/test/java/org/elasticsearch/action/admin/cluster/stats/MappingStatsTests.java

@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ public class MappingStatsTests extends AbstractWireSerializingTestCase<MappingSt
     private static final String SCRIPT_4 = scriptAsJSON("params._source.field");
 
     public void testToXContent() {
-        String mapping = formatted(MAPPING_TEMPLATE, SCRIPT_1, SCRIPT_2, SCRIPT_3, SCRIPT_4, SCRIPT_3, SCRIPT_4, SCRIPT_1);
+        String mapping = Strings.format(MAPPING_TEMPLATE, SCRIPT_1, SCRIPT_2, SCRIPT_3, SCRIPT_4, SCRIPT_3, SCRIPT_4, SCRIPT_1);
         IndexMetadata meta = IndexMetadata.builder("index").settings(SINGLE_SHARD_NO_REPLICAS).putMapping(mapping).build();
         IndexMetadata meta2 = IndexMetadata.builder("index2").settings(SINGLE_SHARD_NO_REPLICAS).putMapping(mapping).build();
         Metadata metadata = Metadata.builder().put(meta, false).put(meta2, false).build();
@@ -204,10 +204,19 @@ public class MappingStatsTests extends AbstractWireSerializingTestCase<MappingSt
     public void testToXContentWithSomeSharedMappings() {
         IndexMetadata meta = IndexMetadata.builder("index")
             .settings(SINGLE_SHARD_NO_REPLICAS)
-            .putMapping(formatted(MAPPING_TEMPLATE, SCRIPT_1, SCRIPT_2, SCRIPT_3, SCRIPT_4, SCRIPT_3, SCRIPT_4, SCRIPT_1))
+            .putMapping(Strings.format(MAPPING_TEMPLATE, SCRIPT_1, SCRIPT_2, SCRIPT_3, SCRIPT_4, SCRIPT_3, SCRIPT_4, SCRIPT_1))
             .build();
         // make mappings that are slightly different because we shuffled 2 scripts between fields
-        final String mappingString2 = formatted(MAPPING_TEMPLATE, SCRIPT_1, SCRIPT_2, SCRIPT_3, SCRIPT_4, SCRIPT_4, SCRIPT_3, SCRIPT_1);
+        final String mappingString2 = Strings.format(
+            MAPPING_TEMPLATE,
+            SCRIPT_1,
+            SCRIPT_2,
+            SCRIPT_3,
+            SCRIPT_4,
+            SCRIPT_4,
+            SCRIPT_3,
+            SCRIPT_1
+        );
         IndexMetadata meta2 = IndexMetadata.builder("index2").settings(SINGLE_SHARD_NO_REPLICAS).putMapping(mappingString2).build();
         IndexMetadata meta3 = IndexMetadata.builder("index3").settings(SINGLE_SHARD_NO_REPLICAS).putMapping(mappingString2).build();
         Metadata metadata = Metadata.builder().put(meta, false).put(meta2, false).put(meta3, false).build();

server/src/test/java/org/elasticsearch/action/admin/indices/create/CreateIndexRequestBuilderTests.java

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ package org.elasticsearch.action.admin.indices.create;
 
 import org.elasticsearch.ElasticsearchParseException;
 import org.elasticsearch.common.settings.Settings;
+import org.elasticsearch.core.Strings;
 import org.elasticsearch.test.ESTestCase;
 import org.elasticsearch.test.client.NoOpClient;
 import org.elasticsearch.xcontent.XContentBuilder;
@@ -51,11 +52,11 @@ public class CreateIndexRequestBuilderTests extends ESTestCase {
 
         ElasticsearchParseException e = expectThrows(
             ElasticsearchParseException.class,
-            () -> builder.setSource(formatted("{ \"%s\": \"%s\" }", KEY, VALUE), XContentType.JSON)
+            () -> { builder.setSource(Strings.format("{ \"%s\": \"%s\" }", KEY, VALUE), XContentType.JSON); }
         );
-        assertEquals(formatted("unknown key [%s] for create index", KEY), e.getMessage());
+        assertEquals(Strings.format("unknown key [%s] for create index", KEY), e.getMessage());
 
-        builder.setSource(formatted("{ \"settings\": { \"%s\": \"%s\" }}", KEY, VALUE), XContentType.JSON);
+        builder.setSource(Strings.format("{ \"settings\": { \"%s\": \"%s\" }}", KEY, VALUE), XContentType.JSON);
         assertEquals(VALUE, builder.request().settings().get(KEY));
 
         XContentBuilder xContent = XContentFactory.jsonBuilder()

server/src/test/java/org/elasticsearch/action/admin/indices/get/GetIndexRequestTests.java

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
 
 package org.elasticsearch.action.admin.indices.get;
 
+import org.elasticsearch.core.Strings;
 import org.elasticsearch.rest.RestRequest;
 import org.elasticsearch.rest.RestRequestTests;
 import org.elasticsearch.test.ESTestCase;
@@ -68,6 +69,6 @@ public class GetIndexRequestTests extends ESTestCase {
 
         RestRequest request = RestRequestTests.contentRestRequest("", Map.of("features", String.join(",", invalidFeatures)));
         IllegalArgumentException e = expectThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class, () -> GetIndexRequest.Feature.fromRequest(request));
-        assertThat(e.getMessage(), containsString(formatted("Invalid features specified [%s]", String.join(",", invalidFeatures))));
+        assertThat(e.getMessage(), containsString(Strings.format("Invalid features specified [%s]", String.join(",", invalidFeatures))));
     }
 }

server/src/test/java/org/elasticsearch/action/admin/indices/rollover/MetadataRolloverServiceTests.java

@@ -276,7 +276,7 @@ public class MetadataRolloverServiceTests extends ESTestCase {
         String indexEndingInNumbers = indexPrefix + "-" + num;
         assertThat(
             MetadataRolloverService.generateRolloverIndexName(indexEndingInNumbers),
-            equalTo(indexPrefix + "-" + formatted("%06d", num + 1))
+            equalTo(indexPrefix + "-" + Strings.format("%06d", num + 1))
         );
         assertThat(MetadataRolloverService.generateRolloverIndexName("index-name-1"), equalTo("index-name-000002"));
         assertThat(MetadataRolloverService.generateRolloverIndexName("index-name-2"), equalTo("index-name-000003"));

server/src/test/java/org/elasticsearch/action/admin/indices/template/reservedstate/ReservedComposableIndexTemplateActionTests.java

@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ import org.elasticsearch.cluster.metadata.ReservedStateMetadata;
 import org.elasticsearch.cluster.service.ClusterService;
 import org.elasticsearch.common.settings.IndexScopedSettings;
 import org.elasticsearch.common.settings.Settings;
+import org.elasticsearch.core.Strings;
 import org.elasticsearch.index.IndexService;
 import org.elasticsearch.index.IndexSettingProviders;
 import org.elasticsearch.index.mapper.MapperService;
@@ -49,7 +50,6 @@ import org.junit.Before;
 
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.util.Collections;
-import java.util.Locale;
 import java.util.Map;
 import java.util.Set;
 
@@ -804,7 +804,7 @@ public class ReservedComposableIndexTemplateActionTests extends ESTestCase {
 
         try (
             XContentParser parser = XContentType.JSON.xContent()
-                .createParser(XContentParserConfiguration.EMPTY, String.format(Locale.ROOT, composableTemplate, "template_1"))
+                .createParser(XContentParserConfiguration.EMPTY, Strings.format(composableTemplate, "template_1"))
         ) {
             var request = action.fromXContent(parser).composableTemplates().get(0);
             assertTrue(
@@ -817,7 +817,7 @@ public class ReservedComposableIndexTemplateActionTests extends ESTestCase {
 
         try (
             XContentParser parser = XContentType.JSON.xContent()
-                .createParser(XContentParserConfiguration.EMPTY, String.format(Locale.ROOT, composableTemplate, "template_2"))
+                .createParser(XContentParserConfiguration.EMPTY, Strings.format(composableTemplate, "template_2"))
         ) {
             var request = action.fromXContent(parser).composableTemplates().get(0);
             // this should just work, no failure
@@ -829,7 +829,7 @@ public class ReservedComposableIndexTemplateActionTests extends ESTestCase {
         final String conflictingTemplateName = "validate_template";
 
         // Reserve the validate_template name in the reserved metadata
-        String composableTemplate = String.format(Locale.ROOT, """
+        String composableTemplate = Strings.format("""
             {
               "composable_index_templates": {
                 "%s": {

server/src/test/java/org/elasticsearch/action/bulk/BulkProcessorTests.java

@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ import org.elasticsearch.common.unit.ByteSizeUnit;
 import org.elasticsearch.common.unit.ByteSizeValue;
 import org.elasticsearch.common.util.concurrent.EsRejectedExecutionException;
 import org.elasticsearch.common.util.concurrent.ThreadContext;
+import org.elasticsearch.core.Strings;
 import org.elasticsearch.core.TimeValue;
 import org.elasticsearch.index.shard.ShardId;
 import org.elasticsearch.test.ESTestCase;
@@ -289,7 +290,7 @@ public class BulkProcessorTests extends ESTestCase {
                     Concurrent Bulk Requests: %s
                     """;
                 fail(
-                    formatted(
+                    Strings.format(
                         message,
                         expectedExecutions,
                         requestCount.get(),
@@ -420,7 +421,7 @@ public class BulkProcessorTests extends ESTestCase {
                 Concurrent Bulk Requests: %d
                 """;
             fail(
-                formatted(
+                Strings.format(
                     message,
                     requestCount.get(),
                     successCount.get(),

server/src/test/java/org/elasticsearch/action/fieldcaps/FieldCapabilitiesTests.java

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ package org.elasticsearch.action.fieldcaps;
 import org.apache.lucene.util.ArrayUtil;
 import org.elasticsearch.common.io.stream.Writeable;
 import org.elasticsearch.common.util.iterable.Iterables;
+import org.elasticsearch.core.Strings;
 import org.elasticsearch.index.mapper.TimeSeriesParams;
 import org.elasticsearch.test.AbstractXContentSerializingTestCase;
 import org.elasticsearch.xcontent.XContentParser;
@@ -21,7 +22,6 @@ import java.util.Arrays;
 import java.util.Collections;
 import java.util.HashMap;
 import java.util.List;
-import java.util.Locale;
 import java.util.Map;
 import java.util.Set;
 import java.util.stream.IntStream;
@@ -167,9 +167,7 @@ public class FieldCapabilitiesTests extends AbstractXContentSerializingTestCase<
     }
 
     public void testRandomBuilder() {
-        String[] indices = IntStream.range(0, randomIntBetween(1, 50))
+        String[] indices = IntStream.range(0, randomIntBetween(1, 50)).mapToObj(n -> Strings.format("index_%2d", n)).toArray(String[]::new);
-            .mapToObj(n -> String.format(Locale.ROOT, "index_%2d", n))
-            .toArray(String[]::new);
 
         List<String> nonSearchableIndices = new ArrayList<>();
         List<String> nonAggregatableIndices = new ArrayList<>();
@@ -238,7 +236,7 @@ public class FieldCapabilitiesTests extends AbstractXContentSerializingTestCase<
     }
 
     public void testBuilderSingleMetricType() {
-        List<String> indices = IntStream.range(0, randomIntBetween(1, 50)).mapToObj(n -> formatted("index_%2d", n)).toList();
+        List<String> indices = IntStream.range(0, randomIntBetween(1, 50)).mapToObj(n -> Strings.format("index_%2d", n)).toList();
         TimeSeriesParams.MetricType metric = randomBoolean() ? null : randomFrom(TimeSeriesParams.MetricType.values());
         FieldCapabilities.Builder builder = new FieldCapabilities.Builder("field", "type");
         for (String index : indices) {
@@ -250,7 +248,7 @@ public class FieldCapabilitiesTests extends AbstractXContentSerializingTestCase<
     }
 
     public void testBuilderMixedMetricType() {
-        List<String> indices = IntStream.range(0, randomIntBetween(1, 50)).mapToObj(n -> formatted("index_%2d", n)).toList();
+        List<String> indices = IntStream.range(0, randomIntBetween(1, 50)).mapToObj(n -> Strings.format("index_%2d", n)).toList();
         Map<String, TimeSeriesParams.MetricType> metricTypes = new HashMap<>();
         for (String index : indices) {
             if (randomBoolean()) {

server/src/test/java/org/elasticsearch/action/index/IndexRequestTests.java

@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ import org.elasticsearch.common.io.stream.StreamInput;
 import org.elasticsearch.common.time.DateFormatter;
 import org.elasticsearch.common.time.FormatNames;
 import org.elasticsearch.common.unit.ByteSizeValue;
+import org.elasticsearch.core.Strings;
 import org.elasticsearch.core.Tuple;
 import org.elasticsearch.index.VersionType;
 import org.elasticsearch.index.seqno.SequenceNumbers;
@@ -145,12 +146,7 @@ public class IndexRequestTests extends ESTestCase {
         assertEquals(total, indexResponse.getShardInfo().getTotal());
         assertEquals(successful, indexResponse.getShardInfo().getSuccessful());
         assertEquals(forcedRefresh, indexResponse.forcedRefresh());
-        assertEquals(
+        Object[] args = new Object[] {
-            formatted(
-                """
-                    IndexResponse[index=%s,id=%s,version=%s,result=%s,seqNo=%s,primaryTerm=%s,shards=\
-                    {"total":%s,"successful":%s,"failed":0}]\
-                    """,
             shardId.getIndexName(),
             id,
             version,
@@ -158,10 +154,11 @@ public class IndexRequestTests extends ESTestCase {
             SequenceNumbers.UNASSIGNED_SEQ_NO,
             0,
             total,
-                successful
+            successful };
-            ),
+        assertEquals(Strings.format("""
-            indexResponse.toString()
+            IndexResponse[index=%s,id=%s,version=%s,result=%s,seqNo=%s,primaryTerm=%s,shards=\
-        );
+            {"total":%s,"successful":%s,"failed":0}]\
+            """, args), indexResponse.toString());
     }
 
     public void testIndexRequestXContentSerialization() throws IOException {
@@ -257,7 +254,7 @@ public class IndexRequestTests extends ESTestCase {
         request.source(source, XContentType.JSON);
         assertEquals("index {[index][null], source[" + source + "]}", request.toString());
 
-        source = formatted("""
+        source = Strings.format("""
             {"name":"%s"}
             """, randomUnicodeOfLength(IndexRequest.MAX_SOURCE_LENGTH_IN_TOSTRING));
         request.source(source, XContentType.JSON);

server/src/test/java/org/elasticsearch/action/main/MainResponseTests.java

@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ public class MainResponseTests extends AbstractXContentSerializingTestCase<MainR
         response.toXContent(builder, ToXContent.EMPTY_PARAMS);
         assertEquals(
             XContentHelper.stripWhitespace(
-                formatted(
+                Strings.format(
                     """
                         {
                             "name": "nodeName",

server/src/test/java/org/elasticsearch/action/search/MultiSearchRequestTests.java

@@ -195,7 +195,7 @@ public class MultiSearchRequestTests extends ESTestCase {
             tookInMillis
         );
 
-        assertEquals(XContentHelper.stripWhitespace(formatted("""
+        assertEquals(XContentHelper.stripWhitespace(Strings.format("""
             {
               "took": %s,
               "responses": [

server/src/test/java/org/elasticsearch/action/support/replication/ReplicationResponseTests.java

@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ public class ReplicationResponseTests extends ESTestCase {
         final int total = 5;
         final int successful = randomIntBetween(1, total);
         final ShardInfo shardInfo = new ShardInfo(total, successful);
-        assertEquals(formatted("ShardInfo{total=5, successful=%d, failures=[]}", successful), shardInfo.toString());
+        assertEquals(Strings.format("ShardInfo{total=5, successful=%d, failures=[]}", successful), shardInfo.toString());
     }
 
     public void testShardInfoToXContent() throws IOException {

server/src/test/java/org/elasticsearch/action/support/replication/TransportReplicationActionTests.java

@@ -47,6 +47,7 @@ import org.elasticsearch.common.settings.Settings;
 import org.elasticsearch.common.util.PageCacheRecycler;
 import org.elasticsearch.core.Nullable;
 import org.elasticsearch.core.Releasable;
+import org.elasticsearch.core.Strings;
 import org.elasticsearch.index.Index;
 import org.elasticsearch.index.IndexNotFoundException;
 import org.elasticsearch.index.IndexService;
@@ -88,7 +89,6 @@ import java.util.Collections;
 import java.util.EnumSet;
 import java.util.HashSet;
 import java.util.List;
-import java.util.Locale;
 import java.util.Set;
 import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
 import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
@@ -1582,7 +1582,7 @@ public class TransportReplicationActionTests extends ESTestCase {
             final long primaryTerm = indexShard.getPendingPrimaryTerm();
             if (term < primaryTerm) {
                 throw new IllegalArgumentException(
-                    String.format(Locale.ROOT, "%s operation term [%d] is too old (current [%d])", shardId, term, primaryTerm)
+                    Strings.format("%s operation term [%d] is too old (current [%d])", shardId, term, primaryTerm)
                 );
             }
             count.incrementAndGet();

server/src/test/java/org/elasticsearch/action/support/replication/TransportWriteActionTests.java

@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ import org.elasticsearch.cluster.service.ClusterService;
 import org.elasticsearch.common.io.stream.StreamInput;
 import org.elasticsearch.common.settings.Settings;
 import org.elasticsearch.core.Releasable;
+import org.elasticsearch.core.Strings;
 import org.elasticsearch.index.Index;
 import org.elasticsearch.index.IndexService;
 import org.elasticsearch.index.IndexingPressure;
@@ -57,7 +58,6 @@ import org.mockito.ArgumentCaptor;
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.util.Collections;
 import java.util.HashSet;
-import java.util.Locale;
 import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
 import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
 import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicBoolean;
@@ -521,7 +521,7 @@ public class TransportWriteActionTests extends ESTestCase {
             final long primaryTerm = indexShard.getPendingPrimaryTerm();
             if (term < primaryTerm) {
                 throw new IllegalArgumentException(
-                    String.format(Locale.ROOT, "%s operation term [%d] is too old (current [%d])", shardId, term, primaryTerm)
+                    Strings.format("%s operation term [%d] is too old (current [%d])", shardId, term, primaryTerm)
                 );
             }
             count.incrementAndGet();

server/src/test/java/org/elasticsearch/action/termvectors/GetTermVectorsTests.java

@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ import org.apache.lucene.tests.analysis.MockTokenizer;
 import org.apache.lucene.util.BytesRef;
 import org.elasticsearch.ElasticsearchException;
 import org.elasticsearch.common.settings.Settings;
+import org.elasticsearch.core.Strings;
 import org.elasticsearch.index.analysis.PreConfiguredTokenizer;
 import org.elasticsearch.index.analysis.TokenFilterFactory;
 import org.elasticsearch.indices.analysis.AnalysisModule;
@@ -191,7 +192,7 @@ public class GetTermVectorsTests extends ESSingleNodeTestCase {
             for (int k = 0; k < docsAndPositions.freq(); k++) {
                 docsAndPositions.nextPosition();
                 if (docsAndPositions.getPayload() != null) {
-                    String infoString = formatted("""
+                    String infoString = Strings.format("""
 
                         term: %s has payload\s
                         %s

server/src/test/java/org/elasticsearch/cluster/ClusterStateTests.java

@@ -146,7 +146,7 @@ public class ClusterStateTests extends ESTestCase {
         );
         builder.endObject();
 
-        assertEquals(XContentHelper.stripWhitespace(formatted("""
+        assertEquals(XContentHelper.stripWhitespace(Strings.format("""
             {
               "cluster_uuid": "clusterUUID",
               "version": 0,
@@ -377,7 +377,7 @@ public class ClusterStateTests extends ESTestCase {
         writeChunks(clusterState, builder, new ToXContent.MapParams(mapParams), 34);
         builder.endObject();
 
-        assertEquals(formatted("""
+        assertEquals(Strings.format("""
             {
               "cluster_uuid" : "clusterUUID",
               "version" : 0,
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ public class ClusterStateTests extends ESTestCase {
         writeChunks(clusterState, builder, new ToXContent.MapParams(mapParams), 34);
         builder.endObject();
 
-        assertEquals(formatted("""
+        assertEquals(Strings.format("""
             {
               "cluster_uuid" : "clusterUUID",
               "version" : 0,
@@ -857,7 +857,7 @@ public class ClusterStateTests extends ESTestCase {
         writeChunks(clusterState, builder, ToXContent.EMPTY_PARAMS, 25);
         builder.endObject();
 
-        assertEquals(formatted("""
+        assertEquals(Strings.format("""
             {
               "cluster_uuid" : "clusterUUID",
               "version" : 0,

server/src/test/java/org/elasticsearch/cluster/metadata/AutoExpandReplicasTests.java

@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ import org.elasticsearch.cluster.routing.IndexShardRoutingTable;
 import org.elasticsearch.cluster.routing.RoutingNodesHelper;
 import org.elasticsearch.cluster.routing.ShardRoutingState;
 import org.elasticsearch.common.settings.Settings;
+import org.elasticsearch.core.Strings;
 import org.elasticsearch.indices.cluster.ClusterStateChanges;
 import org.elasticsearch.test.ESTestCase;
 import org.elasticsearch.test.VersionUtils;
@@ -100,7 +101,7 @@ public class AutoExpandReplicasTests extends ESTestCase {
     protected DiscoveryNode createNode(Version version, DiscoveryNodeRole... mustHaveRoles) {
         Set<DiscoveryNodeRole> roles = new HashSet<>(randomSubsetOf(DiscoveryNodeRole.roles()));
         Collections.addAll(roles, mustHaveRoles);
-        final String id = formatted("node_%03d", nodeIdGenerator.incrementAndGet());
+        final String id = Strings.format("node_%03d", nodeIdGenerator.incrementAndGet());
         return new DiscoveryNode(id, id, buildNewFakeTransportAddress(), Collections.emptyMap(), roles, version);
     }
 

server/src/test/java/org/elasticsearch/cluster/metadata/ComponentTemplateTests.java

@@ -206,10 +206,10 @@ public class ComponentTemplateTests extends SimpleDiffableSerializationTestCase<
 
         {
             String randomString = randomAlphaOfLength(10);
-            CompressedXContent m1 = new CompressedXContent(formatted("""
+            CompressedXContent m1 = new CompressedXContent(Strings.format("""
                 {"properties":{"%s":{"type":"keyword"}}}
                 """, randomString));
-            CompressedXContent m2 = new CompressedXContent(formatted("""
+            CompressedXContent m2 = new CompressedXContent(Strings.format("""
                 {"properties":{"%s":{"type":"keyword"}}}
                 """, randomString));
             assertThat(Template.mappingsEquals(m1, m2), equalTo(true));
@@ -217,14 +217,14 @@ public class ComponentTemplateTests extends SimpleDiffableSerializationTestCase<
 
         {
             CompressedXContent m1 = randomMappings();
-            CompressedXContent m2 = new CompressedXContent(formatted("""
+            CompressedXContent m2 = new CompressedXContent(Strings.format("""
                 {"properties":{"%s":{"type":"keyword"}}}
                 """, randomAlphaOfLength(10)));
             assertThat(Template.mappingsEquals(m1, m2), equalTo(false));
         }
 
         {
-            Map<String, Object> map = XContentHelper.convertToMap(new BytesArray(formatted("""
+            Map<String, Object> map = XContentHelper.convertToMap(new BytesArray(Strings.format("""
                 {"%s":{"properties":{"%s":{"type":"keyword"}}}}
                 """, MapperService.SINGLE_MAPPING_NAME, randomAlphaOfLength(10))), true, XContentType.JSON).v2();
             Map<String, Object> reduceMap = Template.reduceMapping(map);

server/src/test/java/org/elasticsearch/cluster/metadata/DataStreamTests.java

@@ -183,7 +183,7 @@ public class DataStreamTests extends AbstractXContentSerializingTestCase<DataStr
         IllegalArgumentException e = expectThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class, () -> original.removeBackingIndex(indexToRemove));
         assertThat(
             e.getMessage(),
-            equalTo(String.format(Locale.ROOT, "index [%s] is not part of data stream [%s]", indexToRemove.getName(), dataStreamName))
+            equalTo(Strings.format("index [%s] is not part of data stream [%s]", indexToRemove.getName(), dataStreamName))
         );
     }
 
@@ -398,7 +398,7 @@ public class DataStreamTests extends AbstractXContentSerializingTestCase<DataStr
         long epochMillis = randomLongBetween(1580536800000L, 1583042400000L);
         String dateString = DataStream.DATE_FORMATTER.formatMillis(epochMillis);
         String defaultBackingIndexName = DataStream.getDefaultBackingIndexName(dataStreamName, backingIndexNum, epochMillis);
-        String expectedBackingIndexName = String.format(Locale.ROOT, ".ds-%s-%s-%06d", dataStreamName, dateString, backingIndexNum);
+        String expectedBackingIndexName = Strings.format(".ds-%s-%s-%06d", dataStreamName, dateString, backingIndexNum);
         assertThat(defaultBackingIndexName, equalTo(expectedBackingIndexName));
     }
 

server/src/test/java/org/elasticsearch/cluster/metadata/IndexTemplateMetadataTests.java

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ import org.elasticsearch.common.bytes.BytesArray;
 import org.elasticsearch.common.bytes.BytesReference;
 import org.elasticsearch.common.settings.Settings;
 import org.elasticsearch.common.xcontent.XContentHelper;
+import org.elasticsearch.core.Strings;
 import org.elasticsearch.test.ESTestCase;
 import org.elasticsearch.xcontent.DeprecationHandler;
 import org.elasticsearch.xcontent.NamedXContentRegistry;
@@ -31,7 +32,7 @@ public class IndexTemplateMetadataTests extends ESTestCase {
 
     public void testIndexTemplateMetadataXContentRoundTrip() throws Exception {
 
-        String template = formatted("""
+        String template = Strings.format("""
             {
               "index_patterns": [ ".test-*" ],
               "order": 1000,
@@ -112,7 +113,7 @@ public class IndexTemplateMetadataTests extends ESTestCase {
         });
         assertThat(nullPatternError.getMessage(), equalTo("Index patterns must not be null or empty; got null"));
 
-        final String templateWithEmptyPattern = formatted("""
+        final String templateWithEmptyPattern = Strings.format("""
             {
               "index_patterns": [],
               "order": 1000,
@@ -145,7 +146,7 @@ public class IndexTemplateMetadataTests extends ESTestCase {
             assertThat(ex.getMessage(), equalTo("Index patterns must not be null or empty; got []"));
         }
 
-        final String templateWithoutPattern = formatted("""
+        final String templateWithoutPattern = Strings.format("""
             {
               "order": 1000,
               "settings": {

server/src/test/java/org/elasticsearch/cluster/metadata/TemplateUpgradeServiceTests.java

@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ import org.elasticsearch.common.bytes.BytesReference;
 import org.elasticsearch.common.util.Maps;
 import org.elasticsearch.common.util.concurrent.ThreadContext;
 import org.elasticsearch.common.util.set.Sets;
+import org.elasticsearch.core.Strings;
 import org.elasticsearch.core.Tuple;
 import org.elasticsearch.test.ESTestCase;
 import org.elasticsearch.threadpool.TestThreadPool;
@@ -189,7 +190,7 @@ public class TemplateUpgradeServiceTests extends ESTestCase {
         }
         Map<String, BytesReference> additions = Maps.newMapWithExpectedSize(additionsCount);
         for (int i = 0; i < additionsCount; i++) {
-            additions.put("add_template_" + i, new BytesArray(formatted("""
+            additions.put("add_template_" + i, new BytesArray(Strings.format("""
                 {"index_patterns" : "*", "order" : %s}
                 """, i)));
         }

server/src/test/java/org/elasticsearch/cluster/metadata/ToAndFromJsonMetadataTests.java

@@ -230,7 +230,7 @@ public class ToAndFromJsonMetadataTests extends ESTestCase {
         ChunkedToXContent.wrapAsToXContent(metadata).toXContent(builder, new ToXContent.MapParams(mapParams));
         builder.endObject();
 
-        assertEquals(formatted("""
+        assertEquals(Strings.format("""
             {
               "meta-data" : {
                 "version" : 0,
@@ -318,7 +318,7 @@ public class ToAndFromJsonMetadataTests extends ESTestCase {
         ChunkedToXContent.wrapAsToXContent(metadata).toXContent(builder, new ToXContent.MapParams(mapParams));
         builder.endObject();
 
-        assertEquals(formatted("""
+        assertEquals(Strings.format("""
             {
               "metadata" : {
                 "cluster_uuid" : "clusterUUID",
@@ -389,7 +389,7 @@ public class ToAndFromJsonMetadataTests extends ESTestCase {
         ChunkedToXContent.wrapAsToXContent(metadata).toXContent(builder, new ToXContent.MapParams(mapParams));
         builder.endObject();
 
-        assertEquals(formatted("""
+        assertEquals(Strings.format("""
             {
               "meta-data" : {
                 "version" : 0,
@@ -455,7 +455,7 @@ public class ToAndFromJsonMetadataTests extends ESTestCase {
         ChunkedToXContent.wrapAsToXContent(metadata).toXContent(builder, new ToXContent.MapParams(mapParams));
         builder.endObject();
 
-        assertEquals(formatted("""
+        assertEquals(Strings.format("""
             {
               "metadata" : {
                 "cluster_uuid" : "clusterUUID",
@@ -558,7 +558,7 @@ public class ToAndFromJsonMetadataTests extends ESTestCase {
         ChunkedToXContent.wrapAsToXContent(metadata).toXContent(builder, new ToXContent.MapParams(mapParams));
         builder.endObject();
 
-        assertEquals(formatted("""
+        assertEquals(Strings.format("""
             {
               "metadata" : {
                 "cluster_uuid" : "clusterUUID",
@@ -693,7 +693,7 @@ public class ToAndFromJsonMetadataTests extends ESTestCase {
         ChunkedToXContent.wrapAsToXContent(metadata).toXContent(builder, new ToXContent.MapParams(mapParams));
         builder.endObject();
 
-        assertEquals(formatted("""
+        assertEquals(Strings.format("""
             {
               "metadata" : {
                 "cluster_uuid" : "clusterUUID",

server/src/test/java/org/elasticsearch/cluster/routing/allocation/AllocateUnassignedDecisionTests.java

@@ -13,13 +13,13 @@ import org.elasticsearch.cluster.node.DiscoveryNode;
 import org.elasticsearch.cluster.routing.UnassignedInfo.AllocationStatus;
 import org.elasticsearch.cluster.routing.allocation.decider.Decision;
 import org.elasticsearch.common.io.stream.BytesStreamOutput;
+import org.elasticsearch.core.Strings;
 import org.elasticsearch.test.ESTestCase;
 
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.Arrays;
 import java.util.List;
-import java.util.Locale;
 
 import static java.util.Collections.emptyList;
 import static java.util.Collections.emptyMap;
@@ -58,10 +58,7 @@ public class AllocateUnassignedDecisionTests extends ESTestCase {
         if (allocationStatus == AllocationStatus.FETCHING_SHARD_DATA) {
             assertEquals(Explanations.Allocation.AWAITING_INFO, noDecision.getExplanation());
         } else if (allocationStatus == AllocationStatus.DELAYED_ALLOCATION) {
-            assertThat(
+            assertThat(noDecision.getExplanation(), equalTo(Strings.format(Explanations.Allocation.DELAYED_WITHOUT_ALTERNATIVE, "0s")));
-                noDecision.getExplanation(),
-                equalTo(String.format(Locale.ROOT, Explanations.Allocation.DELAYED_WITHOUT_ALTERNATIVE, "0s"))
-            );
         } else {
             assertThat(noDecision.getExplanation(), equalTo(Explanations.Allocation.NO_COPIES));
         }

server/src/test/java/org/elasticsearch/cluster/routing/allocation/FailedNodeRoutingTests.java

@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ import org.elasticsearch.cluster.routing.RoutingTable;
 import org.elasticsearch.cluster.routing.ShardRouting;
 import org.elasticsearch.cluster.routing.allocation.decider.ClusterRebalanceAllocationDecider;
 import org.elasticsearch.common.settings.Settings;
+import org.elasticsearch.core.Strings;
 import org.elasticsearch.indices.cluster.ClusterStateChanges;
 import org.elasticsearch.test.VersionUtils;
 import org.elasticsearch.threadpool.TestThreadPool;
@@ -220,7 +221,7 @@ public class FailedNodeRoutingTests extends ESAllocationTestCase {
     protected DiscoveryNode createNode(DiscoveryNodeRole... mustHaveRoles) {
         Set<DiscoveryNodeRole> roles = new HashSet<>(randomSubsetOf(DiscoveryNodeRole.roles()));
         Collections.addAll(roles, mustHaveRoles);
-        final String id = formatted("node_%03d", nodeIdGenerator.incrementAndGet());
+        final String id = Strings.format("node_%03d", nodeIdGenerator.incrementAndGet());
         return new DiscoveryNode(
             id,
             id,

server/src/test/java/org/elasticsearch/cluster/routing/allocation/SameShardRoutingTests.java

@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ import org.elasticsearch.cluster.routing.allocation.decider.Decision;
 import org.elasticsearch.cluster.routing.allocation.decider.SameShardAllocationDecider;
 import org.elasticsearch.common.settings.ClusterSettings;
 import org.elasticsearch.common.settings.Settings;
+import org.elasticsearch.core.Strings;
 import org.elasticsearch.index.Index;
 import org.elasticsearch.snapshots.SnapshotShardSizeInfo;
 
@@ -232,7 +233,7 @@ public class SameShardRoutingTests extends ESAllocationTestCase {
             assertThat(
                 decision.getExplanation(),
                 equalTo(
-                    formatted(
+                    Strings.format(
                         """
                             cannot allocate to node [%s] because a copy of this shard is already allocated to node [%s] with the same host \
                             address [%s] and [%s] is [true] which forbids more than one node on each host from holding a copy of this shard\

server/src/test/java/org/elasticsearch/common/io/stream/AbstractStreamTests.java

@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ import org.elasticsearch.common.util.PageCacheRecycler;
 import org.elasticsearch.common.util.set.Sets;
 import org.elasticsearch.core.CheckedConsumer;
 import org.elasticsearch.core.CheckedFunction;
+import org.elasticsearch.core.Strings;
 import org.elasticsearch.core.Tuple;
 import org.elasticsearch.test.ESTestCase;
 
@@ -76,7 +77,7 @@ public abstract class AbstractStreamTests extends ESTestCase {
         final byte[] corruptBytes = new byte[] { randomFrom(set) };
         final BytesReference corrupt = new BytesArray(corruptBytes);
         final IllegalStateException e = expectThrows(IllegalStateException.class, () -> getStreamInput(corrupt).readBoolean());
-        final String message = formatted("unexpected byte [0x%02x]", corruptBytes[0]);
+        final String message = Strings.format("unexpected byte [0x%02x]", corruptBytes[0]);
         assertThat(e, hasToString(containsString(message)));
     }
 
@@ -111,7 +112,7 @@ public abstract class AbstractStreamTests extends ESTestCase {
         final byte[] corruptBytes = new byte[] { randomFrom(set) };
         final BytesReference corrupt = new BytesArray(corruptBytes);
         final IllegalStateException e = expectThrows(IllegalStateException.class, () -> getStreamInput(corrupt).readOptionalBoolean());
-        final String message = formatted("unexpected byte [0x%02x]", corruptBytes[0]);
+        final String message = Strings.format("unexpected byte [0x%02x]", corruptBytes[0]);
         assertThat(e, hasToString(containsString(message)));
     }
 

server/src/test/java/org/elasticsearch/common/time/JavaDateMathParserTests.java

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@
 package org.elasticsearch.common.time;
 
 import org.elasticsearch.ElasticsearchParseException;
+import org.elasticsearch.core.Strings;
 import org.elasticsearch.test.ESTestCase;
 
 import java.time.Instant;
@@ -403,7 +404,7 @@ public class JavaDateMathParserTests extends ESTestCase {
         long expectedMillis = parser.parse(expected, () -> 0).toEpochMilli();
         if (gotMillis != expectedMillis) {
             ZonedDateTime zonedDateTime = ZonedDateTime.ofInstant(Instant.ofEpochMilli(gotMillis), ZoneOffset.UTC);
-            fail(formatted("""
+            fail(Strings.format("""
                 Date math not equal
                 Original              : %s
                 Parsed                : %s

server/src/test/java/org/elasticsearch/gateway/PriorityComparatorTests.java

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ import org.elasticsearch.cluster.routing.ShardRouting;
 import org.elasticsearch.cluster.routing.ShardRoutingState;
 import org.elasticsearch.cluster.routing.TestShardRouting;
 import org.elasticsearch.common.settings.Settings;
+import org.elasticsearch.core.Strings;
 import org.elasticsearch.index.Index;
 import org.elasticsearch.test.ESTestCase;
 
@@ -198,7 +199,7 @@ public class PriorityComparatorTests extends ESTestCase {
             }
             // else sometimes just use the defaults
 
-            indices[i] = IndexMetadata.builder(formatted("idx_%04d", i))
+            indices[i] = IndexMetadata.builder(Strings.format("idx_%04d", i))
                 .system(isSystem)
                 .settings(buildSettings(creationDate, priority))
                 .build();

server/src/test/java/org/elasticsearch/index/mapper/DateFieldMapperTests.java

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ import org.elasticsearch.common.settings.Settings;
 import org.elasticsearch.common.time.DateFormatter;
 import org.elasticsearch.common.time.DateUtils;
 import org.elasticsearch.core.CheckedConsumer;
+import org.elasticsearch.core.Strings;
 import org.elasticsearch.core.Tuple;
 import org.elasticsearch.index.mapper.DateFieldMapper.DateFieldType;
 import org.elasticsearch.script.DateFieldScript;
@@ -531,7 +532,7 @@ public class DateFieldMapperTests extends MapperTestCase {
     private String randomIs8601Nanos(long maxMillis) {
         String date = DateFieldMapper.DEFAULT_DATE_TIME_NANOS_FORMATTER.formatMillis(randomLongBetween(0, maxMillis));
         date = date.substring(0, date.length() - 1);  // Strip off trailing "Z"
-        return date + formatted("%06d", between(0, 999999)) + "Z";  // Add nanos and the "Z"
+        return date + Strings.format("%06d", between(0, 999999)) + "Z";  // Add nanos and the "Z"
     }
 
     private String randomDecimalNanos(long maxMillis) {

server/src/test/java/org/elasticsearch/index/query/AbstractTermQueryTestCase.java

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
 
 package org.elasticsearch.index.query;
 
+import org.elasticsearch.core.Strings;
 import org.elasticsearch.test.AbstractQueryTestCase;
 import org.elasticsearch.xcontent.json.JsonStringEncoder;
 
@@ -39,7 +40,7 @@ public abstract class AbstractTermQueryTestCase<QB extends BaseTermQueryBuilder<
         } else {
             value = testQuery.value();
         }
-        String contentString = formatted("""
+        String contentString = Strings.format("""
             {
                 "%s" : {
                     "%s" : %s

server/src/test/java/org/elasticsearch/index/query/CombinedFieldsQueryBuilderTests.java

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ import org.apache.lucene.search.MatchAllDocsQuery;
 import org.apache.lucene.search.MatchNoDocsQuery;
 import org.apache.lucene.search.Query;
 import org.apache.lucene.search.TermQuery;
+import org.elasticsearch.core.Strings;
 import org.elasticsearch.test.AbstractQueryTestCase;
 
 import java.io.IOException;
@@ -103,7 +104,7 @@ public class CombinedFieldsQueryBuilderTests extends AbstractQueryTestCase<Combi
         Object[] expectedValues = new Object[] { "2", "2", "2%", null };
         int i = 0;
         for (Object value : testValues) {
-            String json = formatted("""
+            String json = Strings.format("""
                 {
                   "combined_fields" : {
                     "query" : "quick brown fox",

server/src/test/java/org/elasticsearch/index/query/ConstantScoreQueryBuilderTests.java

@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ import org.apache.lucene.search.ConstantScoreQuery;
 import org.apache.lucene.search.MatchNoDocsQuery;
 import org.apache.lucene.search.Query;
 import org.elasticsearch.common.ParsingException;
+import org.elasticsearch.core.Strings;
 import org.elasticsearch.test.AbstractQueryTestCase;
 
 import java.io.IOException;
@@ -62,7 +63,7 @@ public class ConstantScoreQueryBuilderTests extends AbstractQueryTestCase<Consta
      * test that "filter" does not accept an array of queries, throws {@link ParsingException}
      */
     public void testNoArrayAsFilterElements() throws IOException {
-        String queryString = formatted("""
+        String queryString = Strings.format("""
             {
               "%s": {
                 "filter": [ { "term": { "foo": "a" } }, { "term": { "foo": "x" } } ]

server/src/test/java/org/elasticsearch/index/query/DisMaxQueryBuilderTests.java

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ import org.apache.lucene.search.BoostQuery;
 import org.apache.lucene.search.DisjunctionMaxQuery;
 import org.apache.lucene.search.PrefixQuery;
 import org.apache.lucene.search.Query;
+import org.elasticsearch.core.Strings;
 import org.elasticsearch.test.AbstractQueryTestCase;
 
 import java.io.IOException;
@@ -62,7 +63,7 @@ public class DisMaxQueryBuilderTests extends AbstractQueryTestCase<DisMaxQueryBu
         QueryBuilder innerQuery = createTestQueryBuilder().innerQueries().get(0);
         DisMaxQueryBuilder expectedQuery = new DisMaxQueryBuilder();
         expectedQuery.add(innerQuery);
-        String contentString = formatted("""
+        String contentString = Strings.format("""
             {
               "dis_max": {
                 "queries": %s
@@ -78,7 +79,7 @@ public class DisMaxQueryBuilderTests extends AbstractQueryTestCase<DisMaxQueryBu
     }
 
     public void testToQueryInnerPrefixQuery() throws Exception {
-        String queryAsString = formatted("""
+        String queryAsString = Strings.format("""
             {
               "dis_max": {
                 "queries": [

server/src/test/java/org/elasticsearch/index/query/DistanceFeatureQueryBuilderTests.java

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ import org.elasticsearch.common.geo.GeoPoint;
 import org.elasticsearch.common.geo.GeoUtils;
 import org.elasticsearch.common.lucene.search.Queries;
 import org.elasticsearch.common.unit.DistanceUnit;
+import org.elasticsearch.core.Strings;
 import org.elasticsearch.core.TimeValue;
 import org.elasticsearch.index.mapper.DateFieldMapper;
 import org.elasticsearch.index.mapper.DateFieldMapper.DateFieldType;
@@ -88,7 +89,7 @@ public class DistanceFeatureQueryBuilderTests extends AbstractQueryTestCase<Dist
         // origin as string
         String origin = "2018-01-01T13:10:30Z";
         String pivot = "7d";
-        String json = formatted("""
+        String json = Strings.format("""
             {
               "distance_feature": {
                 "field": "%s",
@@ -105,7 +106,7 @@ public class DistanceFeatureQueryBuilderTests extends AbstractQueryTestCase<Dist
 
         // origin as long
         long originLong = 1514812230999L;
-        json = formatted("""
+        json = Strings.format("""
             {
               "distance_feature": {
                 "field": "%s",
@@ -122,7 +123,7 @@ public class DistanceFeatureQueryBuilderTests extends AbstractQueryTestCase<Dist
         // origin as string
         String origin = "2018-01-01T13:10:30.323456789Z";
         String pivot = "100000000nanos";
-        String json = formatted("""
+        String json = Strings.format("""
             {
               "distance_feature": {
                 "field": "%s",
@@ -139,7 +140,7 @@ public class DistanceFeatureQueryBuilderTests extends AbstractQueryTestCase<Dist
 
         // origin as long
         long originLong = 1514812230999L;
-        json = formatted("""
+        json = Strings.format("""
             {
               "distance_feature": {
                 "field": "%s",
@@ -157,7 +158,7 @@ public class DistanceFeatureQueryBuilderTests extends AbstractQueryTestCase<Dist
         final String pivot = "1km";
 
         // origin as string
-        String json = formatted("""
+        String json = Strings.format("""
             {
               "distance_feature": {
                 "field": "%s",
@@ -173,7 +174,7 @@ public class DistanceFeatureQueryBuilderTests extends AbstractQueryTestCase<Dist
         assertEquals(json, 2.0, parsed.boost(), 0.0001);
 
         // origin as array
-        json = formatted("""
+        json = Strings.format("""
             {
               "distance_feature": {
                 "field": "%s",
@@ -186,7 +187,7 @@ public class DistanceFeatureQueryBuilderTests extends AbstractQueryTestCase<Dist
         assertEquals(json, origin, parsed.origin().origin());
 
         // origin as object
-        json = formatted("""
+        json = Strings.format("""
             {
               "distance_feature": {
                 "field": "%s",
@@ -217,7 +218,7 @@ public class DistanceFeatureQueryBuilderTests extends AbstractQueryTestCase<Dist
     }
 
     public void testQueryFailsWithWrongFieldType() {
-        String query = formatted("""
+        String query = Strings.format("""
             {
               "distance_feature": {
                 "field": "%s",

server/src/test/java/org/elasticsearch/index/query/FieldMaskingSpanQueryBuilderTests.java

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ import org.apache.lucene.queries.spans.SpanTermQuery;
 import org.apache.lucene.search.BoostQuery;
 import org.apache.lucene.search.Query;
 import org.elasticsearch.common.ParsingException;
+import org.elasticsearch.core.Strings;
 import org.elasticsearch.test.AbstractQueryTestCase;
 
 import java.io.IOException;
@@ -63,7 +64,7 @@ public class FieldMaskingSpanQueryBuilderTests extends AbstractQueryTestCase<Fie
     }
 
     public void testFromJson() throws IOException {
-        String json = formatted("""
+        String json = Strings.format("""
             {
               "%s" : {
                 "query" : {
@@ -87,7 +88,7 @@ public class FieldMaskingSpanQueryBuilderTests extends AbstractQueryTestCase<Fie
     }
 
     public void testJsonWithTopLevelBoost() throws IOException {
-        String json = formatted("""
+        String json = Strings.format("""
             {
               "%s" : {
                 "query" : {

server/src/test/java/org/elasticsearch/index/query/FuzzyQueryBuilderTests.java

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ import org.apache.lucene.search.Query;
 import org.elasticsearch.ElasticsearchParseException;
 import org.elasticsearch.common.ParsingException;
 import org.elasticsearch.common.unit.Fuzziness;
+import org.elasticsearch.core.Strings;
 import org.elasticsearch.test.AbstractQueryTestCase;
 
 import java.io.IOException;
@@ -52,7 +53,7 @@ public class FuzzyQueryBuilderTests extends AbstractQueryTestCase<FuzzyQueryBuil
     protected Map<String, FuzzyQueryBuilder> getAlternateVersions() {
         Map<String, FuzzyQueryBuilder> alternateVersions = new HashMap<>();
         FuzzyQueryBuilder fuzzyQuery = new FuzzyQueryBuilder(randomAlphaOfLengthBetween(1, 10), randomAlphaOfLengthBetween(1, 10));
-        String contentString = formatted("""
+        String contentString = Strings.format("""
             {
                 "fuzzy" : {
                     "%s" : "%s"
@@ -84,7 +85,7 @@ public class FuzzyQueryBuilderTests extends AbstractQueryTestCase<FuzzyQueryBuil
     }
 
     public void testToQueryWithStringField() throws IOException {
-        String query = formatted("""
+        String query = Strings.format("""
             {
                 "fuzzy":{
                     "%s":{
@@ -107,7 +108,7 @@ public class FuzzyQueryBuilderTests extends AbstractQueryTestCase<FuzzyQueryBuil
     }
 
     public void testToQueryWithStringFieldDefinedFuzziness() throws IOException {
-        String query = formatted("""
+        String query = Strings.format("""
             {
                 "fuzzy":{
                     "%s":{
@@ -130,7 +131,7 @@ public class FuzzyQueryBuilderTests extends AbstractQueryTestCase<FuzzyQueryBuil
     }
 
     public void testToQueryWithStringFieldDefinedWrongFuzziness() throws IOException {
-        String queryMissingFuzzinessUpLimit = formatted("""
+        String queryMissingFuzzinessUpLimit = Strings.format("""
             {
                 "fuzzy":{
                     "%s":{
@@ -148,7 +149,7 @@ public class FuzzyQueryBuilderTests extends AbstractQueryTestCase<FuzzyQueryBuil
         String msg = "failed to find low and high distance values";
         assertTrue(e.getMessage() + " didn't contain: " + msg + " but: " + e.getMessage(), e.getMessage().contains(msg));
 
-        String queryHavingNegativeFuzzinessLowLimit = formatted("""
+        String queryHavingNegativeFuzzinessLowLimit = Strings.format("""
             {
                 "fuzzy":{
                     "%s":{
@@ -166,7 +167,7 @@ public class FuzzyQueryBuilderTests extends AbstractQueryTestCase<FuzzyQueryBuil
         );
         assertTrue(e2.getMessage() + " didn't contain: " + msg2 + " but: " + e.getMessage(), e.getMessage().contains(msg));
 
-        String queryMissingFuzzinessUpLimit2 = formatted("""
+        String queryMissingFuzzinessUpLimit2 = Strings.format("""
             {
                 "fuzzy":{
                     "%s":{
@@ -183,7 +184,7 @@ public class FuzzyQueryBuilderTests extends AbstractQueryTestCase<FuzzyQueryBuil
         );
         assertTrue(e.getMessage() + " didn't contain: " + msg + " but: " + e.getMessage(), e.getMessage().contains(msg));
 
-        String queryMissingFuzzinessLowLimit = formatted("""
+        String queryMissingFuzzinessLowLimit = Strings.format("""
             {
                 "fuzzy":{
                     "%s":{
@@ -203,7 +204,7 @@ public class FuzzyQueryBuilderTests extends AbstractQueryTestCase<FuzzyQueryBuil
     }
 
     public void testToQueryWithNumericField() throws IOException {
-        String query = formatted("""
+        String query = Strings.format("""
             {
                 "fuzzy":{
                     "%s":{

server/src/test/java/org/elasticsearch/index/query/GeoPolygonQueryBuilderTests.java

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ import org.apache.lucene.search.MatchNoDocsQuery;
 import org.apache.lucene.search.Query;
 import org.elasticsearch.common.ParsingException;
 import org.elasticsearch.common.geo.GeoPoint;
+import org.elasticsearch.core.Strings;
 import org.elasticsearch.geo.GeometryTestUtils;
 import org.elasticsearch.geometry.LinearRing;
 import org.elasticsearch.index.mapper.MappedFieldType;
@@ -161,7 +162,7 @@ public class GeoPolygonQueryBuilderTests extends AbstractQueryTestCase<GeoPolygo
     }
 
     public void testParsingAndToQuery1() throws IOException {
-        String query = formatted("""
+        String query = Strings.format("""
             {
               "geo_polygon": {
                 "%s": {
@@ -178,7 +179,7 @@ public class GeoPolygonQueryBuilderTests extends AbstractQueryTestCase<GeoPolygo
     }
 
     public void testParsingAndToQuery2() throws IOException {
-        String query = formatted("""
+        String query = Strings.format("""
             {
               "geo_polygon": {
                 "%s": {
@@ -191,7 +192,7 @@ public class GeoPolygonQueryBuilderTests extends AbstractQueryTestCase<GeoPolygo
     }
 
     public void testParsingAndToQuery3() throws IOException {
-        String query = formatted("""
+        String query = Strings.format("""
             {
               "geo_polygon": {
                 "%s": {
@@ -204,7 +205,7 @@ public class GeoPolygonQueryBuilderTests extends AbstractQueryTestCase<GeoPolygo
     }
 
     public void testParsingAndToQuery4() throws IOException {
-        String query = formatted("""
+        String query = Strings.format("""
             {
               "geo_polygon": {
                 "%s": {
@@ -256,7 +257,7 @@ public class GeoPolygonQueryBuilderTests extends AbstractQueryTestCase<GeoPolygo
 
     public void testPointValidation() throws IOException {
         SearchExecutionContext context = createSearchExecutionContext();
-        String queryInvalidLat = formatted("""
+        String queryInvalidLat = Strings.format("""
             {
               "geo_polygon": {
                 "%s": {
@@ -272,7 +273,7 @@ public class GeoPolygonQueryBuilderTests extends AbstractQueryTestCase<GeoPolygo
         QueryShardException e1 = expectThrows(QueryShardException.class, () -> parseQuery(queryInvalidLat).toQuery(context));
         assertThat(e1.getMessage(), containsString("illegal latitude value [140.0] for [geo_polygon]"));
 
-        String queryInvalidLon = formatted("""
+        String queryInvalidLon = Strings.format("""
             {
               "geo_polygon": {
                 "%s": {

server/src/test/java/org/elasticsearch/index/query/IntervalQueryBuilderTests.java

@@ -180,7 +180,7 @@ public class IntervalQueryBuilderTests extends AbstractQueryTestCase<IntervalQue
 
     public void testMatchInterval() throws IOException {
 
-        String json = formatted("""
+        String json = Strings.format("""
             {
               "intervals": {
                 "%s": {
@@ -196,7 +196,7 @@ public class IntervalQueryBuilderTests extends AbstractQueryTestCase<IntervalQue
 
         assertEquals(expected, builder.toQuery(createSearchExecutionContext()));
 
-        json = formatted("""
+        json = Strings.format("""
             {
               "intervals": {
                 "%s": {
@@ -215,7 +215,7 @@ public class IntervalQueryBuilderTests extends AbstractQueryTestCase<IntervalQue
         );
         assertEquals(expected, builder.toQuery(createSearchExecutionContext()));
 
-        json = formatted("""
+        json = Strings.format("""
             {
               "intervals": {
                 "%s": {
@@ -235,7 +235,7 @@ public class IntervalQueryBuilderTests extends AbstractQueryTestCase<IntervalQue
         );
         assertEquals(expected, builder.toQuery(createSearchExecutionContext()));
 
-        json = formatted("""
+        json = Strings.format("""
             {
               "intervals": {
                 "%s": {
@@ -256,7 +256,7 @@ public class IntervalQueryBuilderTests extends AbstractQueryTestCase<IntervalQue
         );
         assertEquals(expected, builder.toQuery(createSearchExecutionContext()));
 
-        json = formatted("""
+        json = Strings.format("""
             {
               "intervals": {
                 "%s": {
@@ -278,7 +278,7 @@ public class IntervalQueryBuilderTests extends AbstractQueryTestCase<IntervalQue
         );
         assertEquals(expected, builder.toQuery(createSearchExecutionContext()));
 
-        json = formatted("""
+        json = Strings.format("""
             {
               "intervals": {
                 "%s": {
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ public class IntervalQueryBuilderTests extends AbstractQueryTestCase<IntervalQue
 
     public void testOrInterval() throws IOException {
 
-        String json = formatted("""
+        String json = Strings.format("""
             {
               "intervals": {
                 "%s": {
@@ -337,7 +337,7 @@ public class IntervalQueryBuilderTests extends AbstractQueryTestCase<IntervalQue
         Query expected = new IntervalQuery(TEXT_FIELD_NAME, Intervals.or(Intervals.term("one"), Intervals.term("two")));
         assertEquals(expected, builder.toQuery(createSearchExecutionContext()));
 
-        json = formatted("""
+        json = Strings.format("""
             {
               "intervals": {
                 "%s": {
@@ -375,7 +375,7 @@ public class IntervalQueryBuilderTests extends AbstractQueryTestCase<IntervalQue
 
     public void testCombineInterval() throws IOException {
 
-        String json = formatted("""
+        String json = Strings.format("""
             {
               "intervals": {
                 "%s": {
@@ -427,7 +427,7 @@ public class IntervalQueryBuilderTests extends AbstractQueryTestCase<IntervalQue
     }
 
     public void testCombineDisjunctionInterval() throws IOException {
-        String json = formatted("""
+        String json = Strings.format("""
             {
               "intervals": {
                 "%s": {
@@ -503,7 +503,7 @@ public class IntervalQueryBuilderTests extends AbstractQueryTestCase<IntervalQue
         });
         assertThat(e.getMessage(), equalTo("Cannot create intervals over field [" + NO_POSITIONS_FIELD + "] with no positions indexed"));
 
-        String json = formatted("""
+        String json = Strings.format("""
             {
               "intervals": {
                 "%s": {
@@ -526,7 +526,7 @@ public class IntervalQueryBuilderTests extends AbstractQueryTestCase<IntervalQue
     }
 
     public void testMultipleProviders() {
-        String json = formatted("""
+        String json = Strings.format("""
             {
               "intervals": {
                 "%s": {
@@ -566,7 +566,7 @@ public class IntervalQueryBuilderTests extends AbstractQueryTestCase<IntervalQue
             }
         };
 
-        String json = formatted("""
+        String json = Strings.format("""
             {
               "intervals": {
                 "%s": {
@@ -594,7 +594,7 @@ public class IntervalQueryBuilderTests extends AbstractQueryTestCase<IntervalQue
 
     public void testPrefixes() throws IOException {
 
-        String json = formatted("""
+        String json = Strings.format("""
             {
               "intervals": {
                 "%s": {
@@ -608,7 +608,7 @@ public class IntervalQueryBuilderTests extends AbstractQueryTestCase<IntervalQue
         Query expected = new IntervalQuery(TEXT_FIELD_NAME, Intervals.prefix(new BytesRef("term")));
         assertEquals(expected, builder.toQuery(createSearchExecutionContext()));
 
-        String no_positions_json = formatted("""
+        String no_positions_json = Strings.format("""
             {
               "intervals": {
                 "%s": {
@@ -623,7 +623,7 @@ public class IntervalQueryBuilderTests extends AbstractQueryTestCase<IntervalQue
             builder1.toQuery(createSearchExecutionContext());
         });
 
-        String no_positions_fixed_field_json = formatted("""
+        String no_positions_fixed_field_json = Strings.format("""
             {
               "intervals": {
                 "%s": {
@@ -639,7 +639,7 @@ public class IntervalQueryBuilderTests extends AbstractQueryTestCase<IntervalQue
             builder1.toQuery(createSearchExecutionContext());
         });
 
-        String prefix_json = formatted("""
+        String prefix_json = Strings.format("""
             {
               "intervals": {
                 "%s": {
@@ -653,7 +653,7 @@ public class IntervalQueryBuilderTests extends AbstractQueryTestCase<IntervalQue
         expected = new IntervalQuery(PREFIXED_FIELD, Intervals.fixField(PREFIXED_FIELD + "._index_prefix", Intervals.term("term")));
         assertEquals(expected, builder.toQuery(createSearchExecutionContext()));
 
-        String short_prefix_json = formatted("""
+        String short_prefix_json = Strings.format("""
             {
               "intervals": {
                 "%s": {
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ public class IntervalQueryBuilderTests extends AbstractQueryTestCase<IntervalQue
         );
         assertEquals(expected, builder.toQuery(createSearchExecutionContext()));
 
-        String fix_field_prefix_json = formatted("""
+        String fix_field_prefix_json = Strings.format("""
             {
               "intervals": {
                 "%s": {
@@ -689,7 +689,7 @@ public class IntervalQueryBuilderTests extends AbstractQueryTestCase<IntervalQue
         );
         assertEquals(expected, builder.toQuery(createSearchExecutionContext()));
 
-        String keyword_json = formatted("""
+        String keyword_json = Strings.format("""
             {
               "intervals": {
                 "%s": {
@@ -704,7 +704,7 @@ public class IntervalQueryBuilderTests extends AbstractQueryTestCase<IntervalQue
         expected = new IntervalQuery(PREFIXED_FIELD, Intervals.fixField(PREFIXED_FIELD + "._index_prefix", Intervals.term("Term")));
         assertEquals(expected, builder.toQuery(createSearchExecutionContext()));
 
-        String keyword_fix_field_json = formatted("""
+        String keyword_fix_field_json = Strings.format("""
             {
               "intervals": {
                 "%s": {
@@ -727,7 +727,7 @@ public class IntervalQueryBuilderTests extends AbstractQueryTestCase<IntervalQue
 
     public void testWildcard() throws IOException {
 
-        String json = formatted("""
+        String json = Strings.format("""
             {
               "intervals": {
                 "%s": {
@@ -742,7 +742,7 @@ public class IntervalQueryBuilderTests extends AbstractQueryTestCase<IntervalQue
         Query expected = new IntervalQuery(TEXT_FIELD_NAME, Intervals.wildcard(new BytesRef("te?m")));
         assertEquals(expected, builder.toQuery(createSearchExecutionContext()));
 
-        String no_positions_json = formatted("""
+        String no_positions_json = Strings.format("""
             {
               "intervals": {
                 "%s": {
@@ -758,7 +758,7 @@ public class IntervalQueryBuilderTests extends AbstractQueryTestCase<IntervalQue
             builder1.toQuery(createSearchExecutionContext());
         });
 
-        String keyword_json = formatted("""
+        String keyword_json = Strings.format("""
             {
               "intervals": {
                 "%s": {
@@ -774,7 +774,7 @@ public class IntervalQueryBuilderTests extends AbstractQueryTestCase<IntervalQue
         expected = new IntervalQuery(TEXT_FIELD_NAME, Intervals.wildcard(new BytesRef("Te?m")));
         assertEquals(expected, builder.toQuery(createSearchExecutionContext()));
 
-        String fixed_field_json = formatted("""
+        String fixed_field_json = Strings.format("""
             {
               "intervals": {
                 "%s": {
@@ -790,7 +790,7 @@ public class IntervalQueryBuilderTests extends AbstractQueryTestCase<IntervalQue
         expected = new IntervalQuery(TEXT_FIELD_NAME, Intervals.fixField(MASKED_FIELD, Intervals.wildcard(new BytesRef("te?m"))));
         assertEquals(expected, builder.toQuery(createSearchExecutionContext()));
 
-        String fixed_field_json_no_positions = formatted("""
+        String fixed_field_json_no_positions = Strings.format("""
             {
               "intervals": {
                 "%s": {
@@ -806,7 +806,7 @@ public class IntervalQueryBuilderTests extends AbstractQueryTestCase<IntervalQue
             builder1.toQuery(createSearchExecutionContext());
         });
 
-        String fixed_field_analyzer_json = formatted("""
+        String fixed_field_analyzer_json = Strings.format("""
             {
               "intervals": {
                 "%s": {
@@ -831,7 +831,7 @@ public class IntervalQueryBuilderTests extends AbstractQueryTestCase<IntervalQue
 
     public void testFuzzy() throws IOException {
 
-        String json = formatted("""
+        String json = Strings.format("""
             {
               "intervals": {
                 "%s": {
@@ -849,7 +849,7 @@ public class IntervalQueryBuilderTests extends AbstractQueryTestCase<IntervalQue
         );
         assertEquals(expected, builder.toQuery(createSearchExecutionContext()));
 
-        String json_with_prefix = formatted("""
+        String json_with_prefix = Strings.format("""
             {
               "intervals": {
                 "%s": {
@@ -864,7 +864,7 @@ public class IntervalQueryBuilderTests extends AbstractQueryTestCase<IntervalQue
         expected = new IntervalQuery(TEXT_FIELD_NAME, buildFuzzySource("term", "term", 2, true, Fuzziness.AUTO.asDistance("term")));
         assertEquals(expected, builder.toQuery(createSearchExecutionContext()));
 
-        String json_with_fuzziness = formatted("""
+        String json_with_fuzziness = Strings.format("""
             {
               "intervals": {
                 "%s": {
@@ -880,7 +880,7 @@ public class IntervalQueryBuilderTests extends AbstractQueryTestCase<IntervalQue
         expected = new IntervalQuery(TEXT_FIELD_NAME, buildFuzzySource("term", "term", 2, true, Fuzziness.ONE.asDistance("term")));
         assertEquals(expected, builder.toQuery(createSearchExecutionContext()));
 
-        String json_no_transpositions = formatted("""
+        String json_no_transpositions = Strings.format("""
             {
               "intervals": {
                 "%s": {
@@ -896,7 +896,7 @@ public class IntervalQueryBuilderTests extends AbstractQueryTestCase<IntervalQue
         expected = new IntervalQuery(TEXT_FIELD_NAME, buildFuzzySource("term", "term", 2, false, Fuzziness.AUTO.asDistance("term")));
         assertEquals(expected, builder.toQuery(createSearchExecutionContext()));
 
-        String json_with_analyzer = formatted("""
+        String json_with_analyzer = Strings.format("""
             {
               "intervals": {
                 "%s": {
@@ -912,7 +912,7 @@ public class IntervalQueryBuilderTests extends AbstractQueryTestCase<IntervalQue
         expected = new IntervalQuery(TEXT_FIELD_NAME, buildFuzzySource("Term", "Term", 2, true, Fuzziness.AUTO.asDistance("term")));
         assertEquals(expected, builder.toQuery(createSearchExecutionContext()));
 
-        String json_with_fixfield = formatted("""
+        String json_with_fixfield = Strings.format("""
             {
               "intervals": {
                 "%s": {