[DOCS] Create Elasticsearch basics section, refactor quickstarts section (#112436)

Co-authored-by: shainaraskas <58563081+shainaraskas@users.noreply.github.com>

docs/reference/run-elasticsearch-locally.asciidoc

@@ -0,0 +1,171 @@
+[[run-elasticsearch-locally]]
+== Run {es} locally in Docker
+++++
+<titleabbrev>Run {es} locally</titleabbrev>
+++++
+
+[WARNING]
+====
+*DO NOT USE THESE INSTRUCTIONS FOR PRODUCTION DEPLOYMENTS*
+
+The instructions on this page are for *local development only*. Do not use these instructions for production deployments, because they are not secure.
+While this approach is convenient for experimenting and learning, you should never run Elasticsearch in this way in a production environment.
+====
+
+Follow this tutorial if you want to quickly set up {es} in Docker for local development or testing.
+
+This tutorial also includes instructions for installing {kib}. 
+ If you don't need access to the {kib} UI, then you can skip those instructions.
+
+[discrete]
+[[local-dev-prerequisites]]
+=== Prerequisites
+
+If you don't have Docker installed, https://www.docker.com/products/docker-desktop[download and install Docker Desktop] for your operating system.
+
+[discrete]
+[[local-dev-env-vars]]
+=== Set environment variables
+
+Configure the following environment variables.
+
+[source,sh]
+----
+export ELASTIC_PASSWORD="<ES_PASSWORD>"  # password for "elastic" username
+export KIBANA_PASSWORD="<KIB_PASSWORD>"   # Used _internally_ by Kibana, must be at least 6 characters long
+----
+
+[discrete]
+[[local-dev-create-docker-network]]
+=== Create a Docker network
+
+To run both {es} and {kib}, you'll need to create a Docker network:
+
+[source,sh]
+----
+docker network create elastic-net
+----
+
+[discrete]
+[[local-dev-run-es]]
+=== Run {es}
+
+Start the {es} container with the following command:
+
+ifeval::["{release-state}"=="unreleased"]
+WARNING: Version {version} has not yet been released.
+No Docker image is currently available for {es} {version}.
+endif::[]
+
+[source,sh,subs="attributes"]
+----
+docker run -p 127.0.0.1:9200:9200 -d --name elasticsearch --network elastic-net \
+  -e ELASTIC_PASSWORD=$ELASTIC_PASSWORD \
+  -e "discovery.type=single-node" \
+  -e "xpack.security.http.ssl.enabled=false" \
+  -e "xpack.license.self_generated.type=trial" \
+  {docker-image}
+----
+
+[discrete]
+[[local-dev-run-kib]]
+=== Run {kib} (optional)
+
+To run {kib}, you must first set the `kibana_system` password in the {es} container.
+
+[source,sh,subs="attributes"]
+----
+# configure the Kibana password in the ES container
+curl -u elastic:$ELASTIC_PASSWORD \
+  -X POST \
+  http://localhost:9200/_security/user/kibana_system/_password \
+  -d '{"password":"'"$KIBANA_PASSWORD"'"}' \
+  -H 'Content-Type: application/json'
+----
+// NOTCONSOLE
+
+Start the {kib} container with the following command:
+
+ifeval::["{release-state}"=="unreleased"]
+WARNING: Version {version} has not yet been released.
+No Docker image is currently available for {es} {version}.
+endif::[]
+
+[source,sh,subs="attributes"]
+----
+docker run -p 127.0.0.1:5601:5601 -d --name kibana --network elastic-net \
+  -e ELASTICSEARCH_URL=http://elasticsearch:9200 \
+  -e ELASTICSEARCH_HOSTS=http://elasticsearch:9200 \
+  -e ELASTICSEARCH_USERNAME=kibana_system \
+  -e ELASTICSEARCH_PASSWORD=$KIBANA_PASSWORD \
+  -e "xpack.security.enabled=false" \
+  -e "xpack.license.self_generated.type=trial" \
+  {kib-docker-image}
+----
+
+When you access {kib}, use `elastic` as the username and the password you set earlier for the `ELASTIC_PASSWORD` environment variable.
+
+[NOTE]
+====
+The service is started with a trial license. The trial license enables all features of Elasticsearch for a trial period of 30 days. After the trial period expires, the license is downgraded to a basic license, which is free forever.
+====
+
+[discrete]
+[[local-dev-connecting-clients]]
+=== Connect to {es} with language clients
+
+To connect to the {es} cluster from a language client, you can use basic authentication with the `elastic` username and the password you set in the environment variable.
+
+.*Expand* for details
+[%collapsible]
+==============
+
+You'll use the following connection details:
+
+* **{es} endpoint**: `http://localhost:9200`
+* **Username**: `elastic`
+* **Password**: `$ELASTIC_PASSWORD` (Value you set in the environment variable)
+
+For example, to connect with the Python `elasticsearch` client:
+
+[source,python]
+----
+import os
+from elasticsearch import Elasticsearch
+
+username = 'elastic'
+password = os.getenv('ELASTIC_PASSWORD') # Value you set in the environment variable
+
+client = Elasticsearch(
+    "http://localhost:9200",
+    basic_auth=(username, password)
+)
+
+print(client.info())
+----
+
+Here's an example curl command using basic authentication:
+
+[source,sh,subs="attributes"]
+----
+curl -u elastic:$ELASTIC_PASSWORD \
+  -X PUT \
+  http://localhost:9200/my-new-index \
+  -H 'Content-Type: application/json'
+----
+// NOTCONSOLE
+
+==============
+
+[discrete]
+[[local-dev-next-steps]]
+=== Next steps
+
+Use our <<quickstart,quick start guides>> to learn the basics of {es}.
+
+[discrete]
+[[local-dev-production]]
+=== Moving to production
+
+This setup is not suitable for production use.
+Refer to <<elasticsearch-intro-deploy, deployment options>> for more information.