Add match support for semantic_text fields (#117839)

* Added query name to inference field metadata

* Fix build error

* Added query builder service

* Add query builder service to query rewrite context

* Updated match query to support querying semantic text fields

* Fix build error

* Fix NPE

* Update the POC to rewrite to a bool query when combined inference and non-inference fields

* Separate clause for each inference index (to avoid inference ID clashes)

* Simplify query builder service concept to a single default inference query

* Rename QueryBuilderService, remove query name from inference metadata

* Fix too many rewrite rounds error by injecting booleans in constructors for match query builder and semantic text

* Fix test compilation errors

* Fix tests

* Add yaml test for semantic match

* Add NodeFeature

* Fix license headers

* Spotless

* Updated getClass comparison in MatchQueryBuilder

* Cleanup

* Add Mock Inference Query Builder Service

* Spotless

* Cleanup

* Update docs/changelog/117839.yaml

* Update changelog

* Replace the default inference query builder with a query rewrite interceptor

* Cleanup

* Some more cleanup/renames

* Some more cleanup/renames

* Spotless

* Checkstyle

* Convert List<QueryRewriteInterceptor> to Map keyed on query name, error on query name collisions

* PR feedback - remove check on QueryRewriteContext class only

* PR feedback

* Remove intercept flag from MatchQueryBuilder and replace with wrapper

* Move feature to test feature

* Ensure interception happens only once

* Rename InterceptedQueryBuilderWrapper to AbstractQueryBuilderWrapper

* Add lenient field to SemanticQueryBuilder

* Clean up yaml test

* Add TODO comment

* Add comment

* Spotless

* Rename AbstractQueryBuilderWrapper back to InterceptedQueryBuilderWrapper

* Spotless

* Didn't mean to commit that

* Remove static class wrapping the InterceptedQueryBuilderWrapper

* Make InterceptedQueryBuilderWrapper part of QueryRewriteInterceptor

* Refactor the interceptor to be an internal plugin that cannot be used outside inference plugin

* Fix tests

* Spotless

* Minor cleanup

* C'mon spotless

* Test spotless

* Cleanup InternalQueryRewriter

* Change if statement to assert

* Simplify template of InterceptedQueryBuilderWrapper

* Change constructor of InterceptedQueryBuilderWrapper

* Refactor InterceptedQueryBuilderWrapper to extend QueryBuilder

* Cleanup

* Add test

* Spotless

* Rename rewrite to interceptAndRewrite in QueryRewriteInterceptor

* DOESN'T WORK - for testing

* Add comment

* Getting closer - match on single typed fields works now

* Deleted line by mistake

* Checkstyle

* Fix over-aggressive IntelliJ Refactor/Rename

* And another one

* Move SemanticMatchQueryRewriteInterceptor.SEMANTIC_MATCH_QUERY_REWRITE_INTERCEPTION_SUPPORTED to Test feature

* PR feedback

* Require query name with no default

* PR feedback & update test

* Add rewrite test

* Update server/src/main/java/org/elasticsearch/index/query/InnerHitContextBuilder.java

Co-authored-by: Mike Pellegrini <mike.pellegrini@elastic.co>

---------

Co-authored-by: Mike Pellegrini <mike.pellegrini@elastic.co>

docs/changelog/117839.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+pr: 117839
+summary: Add match support for `semantic_text` fields
+area: "Search"
+type: enhancement
+issues: []

server/src/main/java/module-info.java

@@ -479,5 +479,5 @@ module org.elasticsearch.server {
     exports org.elasticsearch.lucene.spatial;
     exports org.elasticsearch.inference.configuration;
     exports org.elasticsearch.monitor.metrics;
-
+    exports org.elasticsearch.plugins.internal.rewriter to org.elasticsearch.inference;
 }

server/src/main/java/org/elasticsearch/TransportVersions.java

@@ -137,6 +137,7 @@ public class TransportVersions {
     public static final TransportVersion RETRIES_AND_OPERATIONS_IN_BLOBSTORE_STATS = def(8_804_00_0);
     public static final TransportVersion ADD_DATA_STREAM_OPTIONS_TO_TEMPLATES = def(8_805_00_0);
     public static final TransportVersion KNN_QUERY_RESCORE_OVERSAMPLE = def(8_806_00_0);
+    public static final TransportVersion SEMANTIC_QUERY_LENIENT = def(8_807_00_0);
 
     /*
      * STOP! READ THIS FIRST! No, really,

server/src/main/java/org/elasticsearch/index/IndexModule.java

@@ -58,6 +58,7 @@ import org.elasticsearch.indices.breaker.CircuitBreakerService;
 import org.elasticsearch.indices.fielddata.cache.IndicesFieldDataCache;
 import org.elasticsearch.indices.recovery.RecoveryState;
 import org.elasticsearch.plugins.IndexStorePlugin;
+import org.elasticsearch.plugins.internal.rewriter.QueryRewriteInterceptor;
 import org.elasticsearch.script.ScriptService;
 import org.elasticsearch.search.aggregations.support.ValuesSourceRegistry;
 import org.elasticsearch.threadpool.ThreadPool;
@@ -478,7 +479,8 @@ public final class IndexModule {
         IdFieldMapper idFieldMapper,
         ValuesSourceRegistry valuesSourceRegistry,
         IndexStorePlugin.IndexFoldersDeletionListener indexFoldersDeletionListener,
-        Map<String, IndexStorePlugin.SnapshotCommitSupplier> snapshotCommitSuppliers
+        Map<String, IndexStorePlugin.SnapshotCommitSupplier> snapshotCommitSuppliers,
+        QueryRewriteInterceptor queryRewriteInterceptor
     ) throws IOException {
         final IndexEventListener eventListener = freeze();
         Function<IndexService, CheckedFunction<DirectoryReader, DirectoryReader, IOException>> readerWrapperFactory = indexReaderWrapper
@@ -540,7 +542,8 @@ public final class IndexModule {
                 indexFoldersDeletionListener,
                 snapshotCommitSupplier,
                 indexCommitListener.get(),
-                mapperMetrics
+                mapperMetrics,
+                queryRewriteInterceptor
             );
             success = true;
             return indexService;

server/src/main/java/org/elasticsearch/index/IndexService.java

@@ -85,6 +85,7 @@ import org.elasticsearch.indices.cluster.IndicesClusterStateService;
 import org.elasticsearch.indices.fielddata.cache.IndicesFieldDataCache;
 import org.elasticsearch.indices.recovery.RecoveryState;
 import org.elasticsearch.plugins.IndexStorePlugin;
+import org.elasticsearch.plugins.internal.rewriter.QueryRewriteInterceptor;
 import org.elasticsearch.script.ScriptService;
 import org.elasticsearch.search.aggregations.support.ValuesSourceRegistry;
 import org.elasticsearch.threadpool.ThreadPool;
@@ -162,6 +163,7 @@ public class IndexService extends AbstractIndexComponent implements IndicesClust
     private final Supplier<Sort> indexSortSupplier;
     private final ValuesSourceRegistry valuesSourceRegistry;
     private final MapperMetrics mapperMetrics;
+    private final QueryRewriteInterceptor queryRewriteInterceptor;
 
     @SuppressWarnings("this-escape")
     public IndexService(
@@ -196,7 +198,8 @@ public class IndexService extends AbstractIndexComponent implements IndicesClust
         IndexStorePlugin.IndexFoldersDeletionListener indexFoldersDeletionListener,
         IndexStorePlugin.SnapshotCommitSupplier snapshotCommitSupplier,
         Engine.IndexCommitListener indexCommitListener,
-        MapperMetrics mapperMetrics
+        MapperMetrics mapperMetrics,
+        QueryRewriteInterceptor queryRewriteInterceptor
     ) {
         super(indexSettings);
         assert indexCreationContext != IndexCreationContext.RELOAD_ANALYZERS
@@ -271,6 +274,7 @@ public class IndexService extends AbstractIndexComponent implements IndicesClust
         this.indexingOperationListeners = Collections.unmodifiableList(indexingOperationListeners);
         this.indexCommitListener = indexCommitListener;
         this.mapperMetrics = mapperMetrics;
+        this.queryRewriteInterceptor = queryRewriteInterceptor;
         try (var ignored = threadPool.getThreadContext().clearTraceContext()) {
             // kick off async ops for the first shard in this index
             this.refreshTask = new AsyncRefreshTask(this);
@@ -802,6 +806,7 @@ public class IndexService extends AbstractIndexComponent implements IndicesClust
             allowExpensiveQueries,
             scriptService,
             null,
+            null,
             null
         );
     }

server/src/main/java/org/elasticsearch/index/query/AbstractQueryBuilder.java

@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ import org.elasticsearch.common.io.stream.StreamOutput;
 import org.elasticsearch.common.lucene.BytesRefs;
 import org.elasticsearch.common.settings.Settings;
 import org.elasticsearch.common.xcontent.SuggestingErrorOnUnknown;
+import org.elasticsearch.plugins.internal.rewriter.QueryRewriteInterceptor;
 import org.elasticsearch.xcontent.AbstractObjectParser;
 import org.elasticsearch.xcontent.FilterXContentParser;
 import org.elasticsearch.xcontent.FilterXContentParserWrapper;
@@ -278,6 +279,14 @@ public abstract class AbstractQueryBuilder<QB extends AbstractQueryBuilder<QB>>
 
     @Override
     public final QueryBuilder rewrite(QueryRewriteContext queryRewriteContext) throws IOException {
+        QueryRewriteInterceptor queryRewriteInterceptor = queryRewriteContext.getQueryRewriteInterceptor();
+        if (queryRewriteInterceptor != null) {
+            var rewritten = queryRewriteInterceptor.interceptAndRewrite(queryRewriteContext, this);
+            if (rewritten != this) {
+                return new InterceptedQueryBuilderWrapper(rewritten);
+            }
+        }
+
         QueryBuilder rewritten = doRewrite(queryRewriteContext);
         if (rewritten == this) {
             return rewritten;

server/src/main/java/org/elasticsearch/index/query/CoordinatorRewriteContext.java

@@ -104,6 +104,7 @@ public class CoordinatorRewriteContext extends QueryRewriteContext {
             null,
             null,
             null,
+            null,
             null
         );
         this.dateFieldRangeInfo = dateFieldRangeInfo;

server/src/main/java/org/elasticsearch/index/query/InnerHitContextBuilder.java

@@ -66,6 +66,9 @@ public abstract class InnerHitContextBuilder {
     public static void extractInnerHits(QueryBuilder query, Map<String, InnerHitContextBuilder> innerHitBuilders) {
         if (query instanceof AbstractQueryBuilder) {
             ((AbstractQueryBuilder<?>) query).extractInnerHitBuilders(innerHitBuilders);
+        } else if (query instanceof InterceptedQueryBuilderWrapper interceptedQuery) {
+            // Unwrap an intercepted query here
+            extractInnerHits(interceptedQuery.queryBuilder, innerHitBuilders);
         } else {
             throw new IllegalStateException(
                 "provided query builder [" + query.getClass() + "] class should inherit from AbstractQueryBuilder, but it doesn't"

server/src/main/java/org/elasticsearch/index/query/InterceptedQueryBuilderWrapper.java

@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright Elasticsearch B.V. and/or licensed to Elasticsearch B.V. under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements. Licensed under the "Elastic License
+ * 2.0", the "GNU Affero General Public License v3.0 only", and the "Server Side
+ * Public License v 1"; you may not use this file except in compliance with, at
+ * your election, the "Elastic License 2.0", the "GNU Affero General Public
+ * License v3.0 only", or the "Server Side Public License, v 1".
+ */
+
+package org.elasticsearch.index.query;
+
+import org.apache.lucene.search.Query;
+import org.elasticsearch.TransportVersion;
+import org.elasticsearch.common.io.stream.StreamOutput;
+import org.elasticsearch.plugins.internal.rewriter.QueryRewriteInterceptor;
+import org.elasticsearch.xcontent.XContentBuilder;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.Objects;
+
+/**
+ * Wrapper for instances of {@link QueryBuilder} that have been intercepted using the {@link QueryRewriteInterceptor} to
+ * break out of the rewrite phase. These instances are unwrapped on serialization.
+ */
+class InterceptedQueryBuilderWrapper implements QueryBuilder {
+
+    protected final QueryBuilder queryBuilder;
+
+    InterceptedQueryBuilderWrapper(QueryBuilder queryBuilder) {
+        super();
+        this.queryBuilder = queryBuilder;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public QueryBuilder rewrite(QueryRewriteContext queryRewriteContext) throws IOException {
+        QueryRewriteInterceptor queryRewriteInterceptor = queryRewriteContext.getQueryRewriteInterceptor();
+        try {
+            queryRewriteContext.setQueryRewriteInterceptor(null);
+            QueryBuilder rewritten = queryBuilder.rewrite(queryRewriteContext);
+            return rewritten != queryBuilder ? new InterceptedQueryBuilderWrapper(rewritten) : this;
+        } finally {
+            queryRewriteContext.setQueryRewriteInterceptor(queryRewriteInterceptor);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String getWriteableName() {
+        return queryBuilder.getWriteableName();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public TransportVersion getMinimalSupportedVersion() {
+        return queryBuilder.getMinimalSupportedVersion();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Query toQuery(SearchExecutionContext context) throws IOException {
+        return queryBuilder.toQuery(context);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public QueryBuilder queryName(String queryName) {
+        queryBuilder.queryName(queryName);
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String queryName() {
+        return queryBuilder.queryName();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public float boost() {
+        return queryBuilder.boost();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public QueryBuilder boost(float boost) {
+        queryBuilder.boost(boost);
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String getName() {
+        return queryBuilder.getName();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeTo(StreamOutput out) throws IOException {
+        queryBuilder.writeTo(out);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public XContentBuilder toXContent(XContentBuilder builder, Params params) throws IOException {
+        return queryBuilder.toXContent(builder, params);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean equals(Object o) {
+        if (this == o) return true;
+        if (o instanceof InterceptedQueryBuilderWrapper == false) return false;
+        return Objects.equals(queryBuilder, ((InterceptedQueryBuilderWrapper) o).queryBuilder);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int hashCode() {
+        return Objects.hashCode(queryBuilder);
+    }
+}

server/src/main/java/org/elasticsearch/index/query/QueryRewriteContext.java

@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ import org.elasticsearch.index.mapper.MapperService;
 import org.elasticsearch.index.mapper.MappingLookup;
 import org.elasticsearch.index.mapper.SourceFieldMapper;
 import org.elasticsearch.index.mapper.TextFieldMapper;
+import org.elasticsearch.plugins.internal.rewriter.QueryRewriteInterceptor;
 import org.elasticsearch.script.ScriptCompiler;
 import org.elasticsearch.search.aggregations.support.ValuesSourceRegistry;
 import org.elasticsearch.search.builder.PointInTimeBuilder;
@@ -70,6 +71,7 @@ public class QueryRewriteContext {
     protected Predicate<String> allowedFields;
     private final ResolvedIndices resolvedIndices;
     private final PointInTimeBuilder pit;
+    private QueryRewriteInterceptor queryRewriteInterceptor;
 
     public QueryRewriteContext(
         final XContentParserConfiguration parserConfiguration,
@@ -86,7 +88,8 @@ public class QueryRewriteContext {
         final BooleanSupplier allowExpensiveQueries,
         final ScriptCompiler scriptService,
         final ResolvedIndices resolvedIndices,
-        final PointInTimeBuilder pit
+        final PointInTimeBuilder pit,
+        final QueryRewriteInterceptor queryRewriteInterceptor
     ) {
 
         this.parserConfiguration = parserConfiguration;
@@ -105,6 +108,7 @@ public class QueryRewriteContext {
         this.scriptService = scriptService;
         this.resolvedIndices = resolvedIndices;
         this.pit = pit;
+        this.queryRewriteInterceptor = queryRewriteInterceptor;
     }
 
     public QueryRewriteContext(final XContentParserConfiguration parserConfiguration, final Client client, final LongSupplier nowInMillis) {
@@ -123,6 +127,7 @@ public class QueryRewriteContext {
             null,
             null,
             null,
+            null,
             null
         );
     }
@@ -132,7 +137,8 @@ public class QueryRewriteContext {
         final Client client,
         final LongSupplier nowInMillis,
         final ResolvedIndices resolvedIndices,
-        final PointInTimeBuilder pit
+        final PointInTimeBuilder pit,
+        final QueryRewriteInterceptor queryRewriteInterceptor
     ) {
         this(
             parserConfiguration,
@@ -149,7 +155,8 @@ public class QueryRewriteContext {
             null,
             null,
             resolvedIndices,
-            pit
+            pit,
+            queryRewriteInterceptor
         );
     }
 
@@ -428,4 +435,13 @@ public class QueryRewriteContext {
         // It was decided we should only test the first of these potentially multiple preferences.
         return value.split(",")[0].trim();
     }
+
+    public QueryRewriteInterceptor getQueryRewriteInterceptor() {
+        return queryRewriteInterceptor;
+    }
+
+    public void setQueryRewriteInterceptor(QueryRewriteInterceptor queryRewriteInterceptor) {
+        this.queryRewriteInterceptor = queryRewriteInterceptor;
+    }
+
 }

server/src/main/java/org/elasticsearch/index/query/SearchExecutionContext.java

@@ -271,6 +271,7 @@ public class SearchExecutionContext extends QueryRewriteContext {
             allowExpensiveQueries,
             scriptService,
             null,
+            null,
             null
         );
         this.shardId = shardId;

server/src/main/java/org/elasticsearch/indices/IndicesService.java

@@ -135,6 +135,7 @@ import org.elasticsearch.node.Node;
 import org.elasticsearch.plugins.FieldPredicate;
 import org.elasticsearch.plugins.IndexStorePlugin;
 import org.elasticsearch.plugins.PluginsService;
+import org.elasticsearch.plugins.internal.rewriter.QueryRewriteInterceptor;
 import org.elasticsearch.repositories.RepositoriesService;
 import org.elasticsearch.script.ScriptService;
 import org.elasticsearch.search.aggregations.support.ValuesSourceRegistry;
@@ -262,6 +263,7 @@ public class IndicesService extends AbstractLifecycleComponent
     private final MapperMetrics mapperMetrics;
     private final PostRecoveryMerger postRecoveryMerger;
     private final List<SearchOperationListener> searchOperationListeners;
+    private final QueryRewriteInterceptor queryRewriteInterceptor;
 
     @Override
     protected void doStart() {
@@ -330,6 +332,7 @@ public class IndicesService extends AbstractLifecycleComponent
         this.indexFoldersDeletionListeners = new CompositeIndexFoldersDeletionListener(builder.indexFoldersDeletionListeners);
         this.snapshotCommitSuppliers = builder.snapshotCommitSuppliers;
         this.requestCacheKeyDifferentiator = builder.requestCacheKeyDifferentiator;
+        this.queryRewriteInterceptor = builder.queryRewriteInterceptor;
         this.mapperMetrics = builder.mapperMetrics;
         // doClose() is called when shutting down a node, yet there might still be ongoing requests
         // that we need to wait for before closing some resources such as the caches. In order to
@@ -779,7 +782,8 @@ public class IndicesService extends AbstractLifecycleComponent
             idFieldMappers.apply(idxSettings.getMode()),
             valuesSourceRegistry,
             indexFoldersDeletionListeners,
-            snapshotCommitSuppliers
+            snapshotCommitSuppliers,
+            queryRewriteInterceptor
         );
     }
 
@@ -1766,7 +1770,7 @@ public class IndicesService extends AbstractLifecycleComponent
      * Returns a new {@link QueryRewriteContext} with the given {@code now} provider
      */
     public QueryRewriteContext getRewriteContext(LongSupplier nowInMillis, ResolvedIndices resolvedIndices, PointInTimeBuilder pit) {
-        return new QueryRewriteContext(parserConfig, client, nowInMillis, resolvedIndices, pit);
+        return new QueryRewriteContext(parserConfig, client, nowInMillis, resolvedIndices, pit, queryRewriteInterceptor);
     }
 
     public DataRewriteContext getDataRewriteContext(LongSupplier nowInMillis) {

server/src/main/java/org/elasticsearch/indices/IndicesServiceBuilder.java

@@ -32,6 +32,8 @@ import org.elasticsearch.indices.breaker.CircuitBreakerService;
 import org.elasticsearch.plugins.EnginePlugin;
 import org.elasticsearch.plugins.IndexStorePlugin;
 import org.elasticsearch.plugins.PluginsService;
+import org.elasticsearch.plugins.SearchPlugin;
+import org.elasticsearch.plugins.internal.rewriter.QueryRewriteInterceptor;
 import org.elasticsearch.script.ScriptService;
 import org.elasticsearch.search.aggregations.support.ValuesSourceRegistry;
 import org.elasticsearch.search.internal.ShardSearchRequest;
@@ -76,6 +78,7 @@ public class IndicesServiceBuilder {
     CheckedBiConsumer<ShardSearchRequest, StreamOutput, IOException> requestCacheKeyDifferentiator;
     MapperMetrics mapperMetrics;
     List<SearchOperationListener> searchOperationListener = List.of();
+    QueryRewriteInterceptor queryRewriteInterceptor = null;
 
     public IndicesServiceBuilder settings(Settings settings) {
         this.settings = settings;
@@ -239,6 +242,27 @@ public class IndicesServiceBuilder {
             .flatMap(m -> m.entrySet().stream())
             .collect(Collectors.toMap(Map.Entry::getKey, Map.Entry::getValue));
 
+        var queryRewriteInterceptors = pluginsService.filterPlugins(SearchPlugin.class)
+            .map(SearchPlugin::getQueryRewriteInterceptors)
+            .flatMap(List::stream)
+            .collect(Collectors.toMap(QueryRewriteInterceptor::getQueryName, interceptor -> {
+                if (interceptor.getQueryName() == null) {
+                    throw new IllegalArgumentException("QueryRewriteInterceptor [" + interceptor.getClass().getName() + "] requires name");
+                }
+                return interceptor;
+            }, (a, b) -> {
+                throw new IllegalStateException(
+                    "Conflicting rewrite interceptors ["
+                        + a.getQueryName()
+                        + "] found in ["
+                        + a.getClass().getName()
+                        + "] and ["
+                        + b.getClass().getName()
+                        + "]"
+                );
+            }));
+        queryRewriteInterceptor = QueryRewriteInterceptor.multi(queryRewriteInterceptors);
+
         return new IndicesService(this);
     }
 }

server/src/main/java/org/elasticsearch/plugins/SearchPlugin.java

@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ import org.elasticsearch.index.query.QueryBuilder;
 import org.elasticsearch.index.query.QueryParser;
 import org.elasticsearch.index.query.functionscore.ScoreFunctionBuilder;
 import org.elasticsearch.index.query.functionscore.ScoreFunctionParser;
+import org.elasticsearch.plugins.internal.rewriter.QueryRewriteInterceptor;
 import org.elasticsearch.search.SearchExtBuilder;
 import org.elasticsearch.search.aggregations.Aggregation;
 import org.elasticsearch.search.aggregations.AggregationBuilder;
@@ -128,6 +129,14 @@ public interface SearchPlugin {
         return emptyList();
     }
 
+    /**
+     * @return Applicable {@link QueryRewriteInterceptor}s configured for this plugin.
+     * Note: This is internal to Elasticsearch's API and not extensible by external plugins.
+     */
+    default List<QueryRewriteInterceptor> getQueryRewriteInterceptors() {
+        return emptyList();
+    }
+
     /**
      * The new {@link Aggregation}s added by this plugin.
      */

server/src/main/java/org/elasticsearch/plugins/internal/rewriter/QueryRewriteInterceptor.java

@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright Elasticsearch B.V. and/or licensed to Elasticsearch B.V. under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements. Licensed under the "Elastic License
+ * 2.0", the "GNU Affero General Public License v3.0 only", and the "Server Side
+ * Public License v 1"; you may not use this file except in compliance with, at
+ * your election, the "Elastic License 2.0", the "GNU Affero General Public
+ * License v3.0 only", or the "Server Side Public License, v 1".
+ */
+
+package org.elasticsearch.plugins.internal.rewriter;
+
+import org.elasticsearch.index.query.QueryBuilder;
+import org.elasticsearch.index.query.QueryRewriteContext;
+
+import java.util.Map;
+
+/**
+ * Enables modules and plugins to intercept and rewrite queries during the query rewrite phase on the coordinator node.
+ */
+public interface QueryRewriteInterceptor {
+
+    /**
+     * Intercepts and returns a rewritten query if modifications are required; otherwise,
+     * returns the same provided {@link QueryBuilder} instance unchanged.
+     *
+     * @param context the {@link QueryRewriteContext} providing the context for the rewrite operation
+     * @param queryBuilder the original {@link QueryBuilder} to potentially rewrite
+     * @return the rewritten {@link QueryBuilder}, or the original instance if no rewrite was needed
+     */
+    QueryBuilder interceptAndRewrite(QueryRewriteContext context, QueryBuilder queryBuilder);
+
+    /**
+     * Name of the query to be intercepted and rewritten.
+     */
+    String getQueryName();
+
+    static QueryRewriteInterceptor multi(Map<String, QueryRewriteInterceptor> interceptors) {
+        return interceptors.isEmpty() ? new NoOpQueryRewriteInterceptor() : new CompositeQueryRewriteInterceptor(interceptors);
+    }
+
+    class CompositeQueryRewriteInterceptor implements QueryRewriteInterceptor {
+        final String NAME = "composite";
+        private final Map<String, QueryRewriteInterceptor> interceptors;
+
+        private CompositeQueryRewriteInterceptor(Map<String, QueryRewriteInterceptor> interceptors) {
+            this.interceptors = interceptors;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public String getQueryName() {
+            return NAME;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public QueryBuilder interceptAndRewrite(QueryRewriteContext context, QueryBuilder queryBuilder) {
+            QueryRewriteInterceptor interceptor = interceptors.get(queryBuilder.getName());
+            if (interceptor != null) {
+                return interceptor.interceptAndRewrite(context, queryBuilder);
+            }
+            return queryBuilder;
+        }
+    }
+
+    class NoOpQueryRewriteInterceptor implements QueryRewriteInterceptor {
+        @Override
+        public QueryBuilder interceptAndRewrite(QueryRewriteContext context, QueryBuilder queryBuilder) {
+            return queryBuilder;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public String getQueryName() {
+            return null;
+        }
+    }
+}

server/src/test/java/org/elasticsearch/action/search/TransportSearchActionTests.java

@@ -1744,7 +1744,9 @@ public class TransportSearchActionTests extends ESTestCase {
             NodeClient client = new NodeClient(settings, threadPool);
 
             SearchService searchService = mock(SearchService.class);
-            when(searchService.getRewriteContext(any(), any(), any())).thenReturn(new QueryRewriteContext(null, null, null, null, null));
+            when(searchService.getRewriteContext(any(), any(), any())).thenReturn(
+                new QueryRewriteContext(null, null, null, null, null, null)
+            );
             ClusterService clusterService = new ClusterService(
                 settings,
                 new ClusterSettings(settings, ClusterSettings.BUILT_IN_CLUSTER_SETTINGS),

server/src/test/java/org/elasticsearch/cluster/metadata/IndexMetadataTests.java

@@ -690,7 +690,12 @@ public class IndexMetadataTests extends ESTestCase {
     }
 
     private static InferenceFieldMetadata randomInferenceFieldMetadata(String name) {
-        return new InferenceFieldMetadata(name, randomIdentifier(), randomSet(1, 5, ESTestCase::randomIdentifier).toArray(String[]::new));
+        return new InferenceFieldMetadata(
+            name,
+            randomIdentifier(),
+            randomIdentifier(),
+            randomSet(1, 5, ESTestCase::randomIdentifier).toArray(String[]::new)
+        );
     }
 
     private IndexMetadataStats randomIndexStats(int numberOfShards) {

server/src/test/java/org/elasticsearch/index/IndexModuleTests.java

@@ -86,6 +86,7 @@ import org.elasticsearch.indices.cluster.IndicesClusterStateService.AllocatedInd
 import org.elasticsearch.indices.fielddata.cache.IndicesFieldDataCache;
 import org.elasticsearch.indices.recovery.RecoveryState;
 import org.elasticsearch.plugins.IndexStorePlugin;
+import org.elasticsearch.plugins.internal.rewriter.MockQueryRewriteInterceptor;
 import org.elasticsearch.script.ScriptService;
 import org.elasticsearch.search.internal.ReaderContext;
 import org.elasticsearch.test.ClusterServiceUtils;
@@ -223,7 +224,8 @@ public class IndexModuleTests extends ESTestCase {
             module.indexSettings().getMode().idFieldMapperWithoutFieldData(),
             null,
             indexDeletionListener,
-            emptyMap()
+            emptyMap(),
+            new MockQueryRewriteInterceptor()
         );
     }
 

server/src/test/java/org/elasticsearch/index/mapper/MappingLookupInferenceFieldMapperTests.java

@@ -15,7 +15,6 @@ import org.elasticsearch.index.query.SearchExecutionContext;
 import org.elasticsearch.plugins.MapperPlugin;
 import org.elasticsearch.plugins.Plugin;
 
-import java.io.IOException;
 import java.util.Collection;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Map;
@@ -94,6 +93,7 @@ public class MappingLookupInferenceFieldMapperTests extends MapperServiceTestCas
 
         public static final TypeParser PARSER = new TypeParser((n, c) -> new Builder(n));
         public static final String INFERENCE_ID = "test_inference_id";
+        public static final String SEARCH_INFERENCE_ID = "test_search_inference_id";
         public static final String CONTENT_TYPE = "test_inference_field";
 
         TestInferenceFieldMapper(String simpleName) {
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ public class MappingLookupInferenceFieldMapperTests extends MapperServiceTestCas
 
         @Override
         public InferenceFieldMetadata getMetadata(Set<String> sourcePaths) {
-            return new InferenceFieldMetadata(fullPath(), INFERENCE_ID, sourcePaths.toArray(new String[0]));
+            return new InferenceFieldMetadata(fullPath(), INFERENCE_ID, SEARCH_INFERENCE_ID, sourcePaths.toArray(new String[0]));
         }
 
         @Override
@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ public class MappingLookupInferenceFieldMapperTests extends MapperServiceTestCas
         }
 
         @Override
-        protected void parseCreateField(DocumentParserContext context) throws IOException {}
+        protected void parseCreateField(DocumentParserContext context) {}
 
         @Override
         public Builder getMergeBuilder() {

server/src/test/java/org/elasticsearch/index/query/InterceptedQueryBuilderWrapperTests.java

@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright Elasticsearch B.V. and/or licensed to Elasticsearch B.V. under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements. Licensed under the "Elastic License
+ * 2.0", the "GNU Affero General Public License v3.0 only", and the "Server Side
+ * Public License v 1"; you may not use this file except in compliance with, at
+ * your election, the "Elastic License 2.0", the "GNU Affero General Public
+ * License v3.0 only", or the "Server Side Public License, v 1".
+ */
+
+package org.elasticsearch.index.query;
+
+import org.elasticsearch.plugins.internal.rewriter.QueryRewriteInterceptor;
+import org.elasticsearch.test.ESTestCase;
+import org.elasticsearch.test.client.NoOpClient;
+import org.elasticsearch.threadpool.TestThreadPool;
+import org.junit.After;
+import org.junit.Before;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+
+public class InterceptedQueryBuilderWrapperTests extends ESTestCase {
+
+    private TestThreadPool threadPool;
+    private NoOpClient client;
+
+    @Before
+    public void setup() {
+        threadPool = createThreadPool();
+        client = new NoOpClient(threadPool);
+    }
+
+    @After
+    public void cleanup() {
+        threadPool.close();
+    }
+
+    public void testQueryNameReturnsWrappedQueryBuilder() {
+        MatchAllQueryBuilder matchAllQueryBuilder = new MatchAllQueryBuilder();
+        InterceptedQueryBuilderWrapper interceptedQueryBuilderWrapper = new InterceptedQueryBuilderWrapper(matchAllQueryBuilder);
+        String queryName = randomAlphaOfLengthBetween(5, 10);
+        QueryBuilder namedQuery = interceptedQueryBuilderWrapper.queryName(queryName);
+        assertTrue(namedQuery instanceof InterceptedQueryBuilderWrapper);
+        assertEquals(queryName, namedQuery.queryName());
+    }
+
+    public void testQueryBoostReturnsWrappedQueryBuilder() {
+        MatchAllQueryBuilder matchAllQueryBuilder = new MatchAllQueryBuilder();
+        InterceptedQueryBuilderWrapper interceptedQueryBuilderWrapper = new InterceptedQueryBuilderWrapper(matchAllQueryBuilder);
+        float boost = randomFloat();
+        QueryBuilder boostedQuery = interceptedQueryBuilderWrapper.boost(boost);
+        assertTrue(boostedQuery instanceof InterceptedQueryBuilderWrapper);
+        assertEquals(boost, boostedQuery.boost(), 0.0001f);
+    }
+
+    public void testRewrite() throws IOException {
+        QueryRewriteContext context = new QueryRewriteContext(null, client, null);
+        context.setQueryRewriteInterceptor(myMatchInterceptor);
+
+        // Queries that are not intercepted behave normally
+        TermQueryBuilder termQueryBuilder = new TermQueryBuilder("field", "value");
+        QueryBuilder rewritten = termQueryBuilder.rewrite(context);
+        assertTrue(rewritten instanceof TermQueryBuilder);
+
+        // Queries that should be intercepted are and the right thing happens
+        MatchQueryBuilder matchQueryBuilder = new MatchQueryBuilder("field", "value");
+        rewritten = matchQueryBuilder.rewrite(context);
+        assertTrue(rewritten instanceof InterceptedQueryBuilderWrapper);
+        assertTrue(((InterceptedQueryBuilderWrapper) rewritten).queryBuilder instanceof MatchQueryBuilder);
+        MatchQueryBuilder rewrittenMatchQueryBuilder = (MatchQueryBuilder) ((InterceptedQueryBuilderWrapper) rewritten).queryBuilder;
+        assertEquals("intercepted", rewrittenMatchQueryBuilder.value());
+
+        // An additional rewrite on an already intercepted query returns the same query
+        QueryBuilder rewrittenAgain = rewritten.rewrite(context);
+        assertTrue(rewrittenAgain instanceof InterceptedQueryBuilderWrapper);
+        assertEquals(rewritten, rewrittenAgain);
+    }
+
+    private final QueryRewriteInterceptor myMatchInterceptor = new QueryRewriteInterceptor() {
+        @Override
+        public QueryBuilder interceptAndRewrite(QueryRewriteContext context, QueryBuilder queryBuilder) {
+            if (queryBuilder instanceof MatchQueryBuilder matchQueryBuilder) {
+                return new MatchQueryBuilder(matchQueryBuilder.fieldName(), "intercepted");
+            }
+            return queryBuilder;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public String getQueryName() {
+            return MatchQueryBuilder.NAME;
+        }
+    };
+}

server/src/test/java/org/elasticsearch/index/query/QueryRewriteContextTests.java

@@ -52,6 +52,7 @@ public class QueryRewriteContextTests extends ESTestCase {
                 null,
                 null,
                 null,
+                null,
                 null
             );
 
@@ -79,6 +80,7 @@ public class QueryRewriteContextTests extends ESTestCase {
                 null,
                 null,
                 null,
+                null,
                 null
             );
 

test/framework/src/main/java/org/elasticsearch/plugins/internal/rewriter/MockQueryRewriteInterceptor.java

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright Elasticsearch B.V. and/or licensed to Elasticsearch B.V. under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements. Licensed under the "Elastic License
+ * 2.0", the "GNU Affero General Public License v3.0 only", and the "Server Side
+ * Public License v 1"; you may not use this file except in compliance with, at
+ * your election, the "Elastic License 2.0", the "GNU Affero General Public
+ * License v3.0 only", or the "Server Side Public License, v 1".
+ */
+
+package org.elasticsearch.plugins.internal.rewriter;
+
+import org.elasticsearch.index.query.QueryBuilder;
+import org.elasticsearch.index.query.QueryRewriteContext;
+
+public class MockQueryRewriteInterceptor implements QueryRewriteInterceptor {
+
+    @Override
+    public QueryBuilder interceptAndRewrite(QueryRewriteContext context, QueryBuilder queryBuilder) {
+        return queryBuilder;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String getQueryName() {
+        return this.getClass().getSimpleName();
+    }
+}

test/framework/src/main/java/org/elasticsearch/test/AbstractBuilderTestCase.java

@@ -71,6 +71,8 @@ import org.elasticsearch.plugins.Plugin;
 import org.elasticsearch.plugins.PluginsService;
 import org.elasticsearch.plugins.ScriptPlugin;
 import org.elasticsearch.plugins.SearchPlugin;
+import org.elasticsearch.plugins.internal.rewriter.MockQueryRewriteInterceptor;
+import org.elasticsearch.plugins.internal.rewriter.QueryRewriteInterceptor;
 import org.elasticsearch.plugins.scanners.StablePluginsRegistry;
 import org.elasticsearch.script.MockScriptEngine;
 import org.elasticsearch.script.MockScriptService;
@@ -629,7 +631,8 @@ public abstract class AbstractBuilderTestCase extends ESTestCase {
                 () -> true,
                 scriptService,
                 createMockResolvedIndices(),
-                null
+                null,
+                createMockQueryRewriteInterceptor()
             );
         }
 
@@ -670,5 +673,9 @@ public abstract class AbstractBuilderTestCase extends ESTestCase {
                 Map.of(index, indexMetadata)
             );
         }
+
+        private QueryRewriteInterceptor createMockQueryRewriteInterceptor() {
+            return new MockQueryRewriteInterceptor();
+        }
     }
 }

x-pack/plugin/inference/src/main/java/org/elasticsearch/xpack/inference/InferenceFeatures.java

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ package org.elasticsearch.xpack.inference;
 import org.elasticsearch.features.FeatureSpecification;
 import org.elasticsearch.features.NodeFeature;
 import org.elasticsearch.xpack.inference.mapper.SemanticTextFieldMapper;
+import org.elasticsearch.xpack.inference.queries.SemanticMatchQueryRewriteInterceptor;
 import org.elasticsearch.xpack.inference.queries.SemanticQueryBuilder;
 import org.elasticsearch.xpack.inference.rank.random.RandomRankRetrieverBuilder;
 import org.elasticsearch.xpack.inference.rank.textsimilarity.TextSimilarityRankRetrieverBuilder;
@@ -43,7 +44,8 @@ public class InferenceFeatures implements FeatureSpecification {
             SemanticTextFieldMapper.SEMANTIC_TEXT_DELETE_FIX,
             SemanticTextFieldMapper.SEMANTIC_TEXT_ZERO_SIZE_FIX,
             SemanticTextFieldMapper.SEMANTIC_TEXT_ALWAYS_EMIT_INFERENCE_ID_FIX,
-            SEMANTIC_TEXT_HIGHLIGHTER
+            SEMANTIC_TEXT_HIGHLIGHTER,
+            SemanticMatchQueryRewriteInterceptor.SEMANTIC_MATCH_QUERY_REWRITE_INTERCEPTION_SUPPORTED
         );
     }
 }

x-pack/plugin/inference/src/main/java/org/elasticsearch/xpack/inference/InferencePlugin.java

@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@ import org.elasticsearch.plugins.MapperPlugin;
 import org.elasticsearch.plugins.Plugin;
 import org.elasticsearch.plugins.SearchPlugin;
 import org.elasticsearch.plugins.SystemIndexPlugin;
+import org.elasticsearch.plugins.internal.rewriter.QueryRewriteInterceptor;
 import org.elasticsearch.rest.RestController;
 import org.elasticsearch.rest.RestHandler;
 import org.elasticsearch.search.fetch.subphase.highlight.Highlighter;
@@ -77,6 +78,7 @@ import org.elasticsearch.xpack.inference.highlight.SemanticTextHighlighter;
 import org.elasticsearch.xpack.inference.logging.ThrottlerManager;
 import org.elasticsearch.xpack.inference.mapper.OffsetSourceFieldMapper;
 import org.elasticsearch.xpack.inference.mapper.SemanticTextFieldMapper;
+import org.elasticsearch.xpack.inference.queries.SemanticMatchQueryRewriteInterceptor;
 import org.elasticsearch.xpack.inference.queries.SemanticQueryBuilder;
 import org.elasticsearch.xpack.inference.rank.random.RandomRankBuilder;
 import org.elasticsearch.xpack.inference.rank.random.RandomRankRetrieverBuilder;
@@ -436,6 +438,11 @@ public class InferencePlugin extends Plugin implements ActionPlugin, ExtensibleP
         return List.of(new QuerySpec<>(SemanticQueryBuilder.NAME, SemanticQueryBuilder::new, SemanticQueryBuilder::fromXContent));
     }
 
+    @Override
+    public List<QueryRewriteInterceptor> getQueryRewriteInterceptors() {
+        return List.of(new SemanticMatchQueryRewriteInterceptor());
+    }
+
     @Override
     public List<RetrieverSpec<?>> getRetrievers() {
         return List.of(

x-pack/plugin/inference/src/main/java/org/elasticsearch/xpack/inference/queries/SemanticMatchQueryRewriteInterceptor.java

@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright Elasticsearch B.V. and/or licensed to Elasticsearch B.V. under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements. Licensed under the Elastic License
+ * 2.0; you may not use this file except in compliance with the Elastic License
+ * 2.0.
+ */
+
+package org.elasticsearch.xpack.inference.queries;
+
+import org.elasticsearch.action.ResolvedIndices;
+import org.elasticsearch.cluster.metadata.IndexMetadata;
+import org.elasticsearch.cluster.metadata.InferenceFieldMetadata;
+import org.elasticsearch.features.NodeFeature;
+import org.elasticsearch.index.mapper.IndexFieldMapper;
+import org.elasticsearch.index.query.BoolQueryBuilder;
+import org.elasticsearch.index.query.MatchQueryBuilder;
+import org.elasticsearch.index.query.QueryBuilder;
+import org.elasticsearch.index.query.QueryRewriteContext;
+import org.elasticsearch.index.query.TermQueryBuilder;
+import org.elasticsearch.index.query.TermsQueryBuilder;
+import org.elasticsearch.plugins.internal.rewriter.QueryRewriteInterceptor;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Collection;
+import java.util.List;
+
+public class SemanticMatchQueryRewriteInterceptor implements QueryRewriteInterceptor {
+
+    public static final NodeFeature SEMANTIC_MATCH_QUERY_REWRITE_INTERCEPTION_SUPPORTED = new NodeFeature(
+        "search.semantic_match_query_rewrite_interception_supported"
+    );
+
+    public SemanticMatchQueryRewriteInterceptor() {}
+
+    @Override
+    public QueryBuilder interceptAndRewrite(QueryRewriteContext context, QueryBuilder queryBuilder) {
+        assert (queryBuilder instanceof MatchQueryBuilder);
+        MatchQueryBuilder matchQueryBuilder = (MatchQueryBuilder) queryBuilder;
+        QueryBuilder rewritten = queryBuilder;
+        ResolvedIndices resolvedIndices = context.getResolvedIndices();
+        if (resolvedIndices != null) {
+            Collection<IndexMetadata> indexMetadataCollection = resolvedIndices.getConcreteLocalIndicesMetadata().values();
+            List<String> inferenceIndices = new ArrayList<>();
+            List<String> nonInferenceIndices = new ArrayList<>();
+            for (IndexMetadata indexMetadata : indexMetadataCollection) {
+                String indexName = indexMetadata.getIndex().getName();
+                InferenceFieldMetadata inferenceFieldMetadata = indexMetadata.getInferenceFields().get(matchQueryBuilder.fieldName());
+                if (inferenceFieldMetadata != null) {
+                    inferenceIndices.add(indexName);
+                } else {
+                    nonInferenceIndices.add(indexName);
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (inferenceIndices.isEmpty()) {
+                return rewritten;
+            } else if (nonInferenceIndices.isEmpty() == false) {
+                BoolQueryBuilder boolQueryBuilder = new BoolQueryBuilder();
+                for (String inferenceIndexName : inferenceIndices) {
+                    // Add a separate clause for each semantic query, because they may be using different inference endpoints
+                    // TODO - consolidate this to a single clause once the semantic query supports multiple inference endpoints
+                    boolQueryBuilder.should(
+                        createSemanticSubQuery(inferenceIndexName, matchQueryBuilder.fieldName(), (String) matchQueryBuilder.value())
+                    );
+                }
+                boolQueryBuilder.should(createMatchSubQuery(nonInferenceIndices, matchQueryBuilder));
+                rewritten = boolQueryBuilder;
+            } else {
+                rewritten = new SemanticQueryBuilder(matchQueryBuilder.fieldName(), (String) matchQueryBuilder.value(), false);
+            }
+        }
+
+        return rewritten;
+
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String getQueryName() {
+        return MatchQueryBuilder.NAME;
+    }
+
+    private QueryBuilder createSemanticSubQuery(String indexName, String fieldName, String value) {
+        BoolQueryBuilder boolQueryBuilder = new BoolQueryBuilder();
+        boolQueryBuilder.must(new SemanticQueryBuilder(fieldName, value, true));
+        boolQueryBuilder.filter(new TermQueryBuilder(IndexFieldMapper.NAME, indexName));
+        return boolQueryBuilder;
+    }
+
+    private QueryBuilder createMatchSubQuery(List<String> indices, MatchQueryBuilder matchQueryBuilder) {
+        BoolQueryBuilder boolQueryBuilder = new BoolQueryBuilder();
+        boolQueryBuilder.must(matchQueryBuilder);
+        boolQueryBuilder.filter(new TermsQueryBuilder(IndexFieldMapper.NAME, indices));
+        return boolQueryBuilder;
+    }
+}

x-pack/plugin/inference/src/main/java/org/elasticsearch/xpack/inference/queries/SemanticQueryBuilder.java

@@ -46,6 +46,7 @@ import java.util.Map;
 import java.util.Objects;
 
 import static org.elasticsearch.xcontent.ConstructingObjectParser.constructorArg;
+import static org.elasticsearch.xcontent.ConstructingObjectParser.optionalConstructorArg;
 import static org.elasticsearch.xpack.core.ClientHelper.ML_ORIGIN;
 import static org.elasticsearch.xpack.core.ClientHelper.executeAsyncWithOrigin;
 
@@ -57,16 +58,18 @@ public class SemanticQueryBuilder extends AbstractQueryBuilder<SemanticQueryBuil
 
     private static final ParseField FIELD_FIELD = new ParseField("field");
     private static final ParseField QUERY_FIELD = new ParseField("query");
+    private static final ParseField LENIENT_FIELD = new ParseField("lenient");
 
     private static final ConstructingObjectParser<SemanticQueryBuilder, Void> PARSER = new ConstructingObjectParser<>(
         NAME,
         false,
-        args -> new SemanticQueryBuilder((String) args[0], (String) args[1])
+        args -> new SemanticQueryBuilder((String) args[0], (String) args[1], (Boolean) args[2])
     );
 
     static {
         PARSER.declareString(constructorArg(), FIELD_FIELD);
         PARSER.declareString(constructorArg(), QUERY_FIELD);
+        PARSER.declareBoolean(optionalConstructorArg(), LENIENT_FIELD);
         declareStandardFields(PARSER);
     }
 
@@ -75,8 +78,13 @@ public class SemanticQueryBuilder extends AbstractQueryBuilder<SemanticQueryBuil
     private final SetOnce<InferenceServiceResults> inferenceResultsSupplier;
     private final InferenceResults inferenceResults;
     private final boolean noInferenceResults;
+    private final Boolean lenient;
 
     public SemanticQueryBuilder(String fieldName, String query) {
+        this(fieldName, query, null);
+    }
+
+    public SemanticQueryBuilder(String fieldName, String query, Boolean lenient) {
         if (fieldName == null) {
             throw new IllegalArgumentException("[" + NAME + "] requires a " + FIELD_FIELD.getPreferredName() + " value");
         }
@@ -88,6 +96,7 @@ public class SemanticQueryBuilder extends AbstractQueryBuilder<SemanticQueryBuil
         this.inferenceResults = null;
         this.inferenceResultsSupplier = null;
         this.noInferenceResults = false;
+        this.lenient = lenient;
     }
 
     public SemanticQueryBuilder(StreamInput in) throws IOException {
@@ -97,6 +106,11 @@ public class SemanticQueryBuilder extends AbstractQueryBuilder<SemanticQueryBuil
         this.inferenceResults = in.readOptionalNamedWriteable(InferenceResults.class);
         this.noInferenceResults = in.readBoolean();
         this.inferenceResultsSupplier = null;
+        if (in.getTransportVersion().onOrAfter(TransportVersions.SEMANTIC_QUERY_LENIENT)) {
+            this.lenient = in.readOptionalBoolean();
+        } else {
+            this.lenient = null;
+        }
     }
 
     @Override
@@ -108,6 +122,9 @@ public class SemanticQueryBuilder extends AbstractQueryBuilder<SemanticQueryBuil
         out.writeString(query);
         out.writeOptionalNamedWriteable(inferenceResults);
         out.writeBoolean(noInferenceResults);
+        if (out.getTransportVersion().onOrAfter(TransportVersions.SEMANTIC_QUERY_LENIENT)) {
+            out.writeOptionalBoolean(lenient);
+        }
     }
 
     private SemanticQueryBuilder(
@@ -123,6 +140,7 @@ public class SemanticQueryBuilder extends AbstractQueryBuilder<SemanticQueryBuil
         this.inferenceResultsSupplier = inferenceResultsSupplier;
         this.inferenceResults = inferenceResults;
         this.noInferenceResults = noInferenceResults;
+        this.lenient = other.lenient;
     }
 
     @Override
@@ -144,6 +162,9 @@ public class SemanticQueryBuilder extends AbstractQueryBuilder<SemanticQueryBuil
         builder.startObject(NAME);
         builder.field(FIELD_FIELD.getPreferredName(), fieldName);
         builder.field(QUERY_FIELD.getPreferredName(), query);
+        if (lenient != null) {
+            builder.field(LENIENT_FIELD.getPreferredName(), lenient);
+        }
         boostAndQueryNameToXContent(builder);
         builder.endObject();
     }
@@ -171,6 +192,8 @@ public class SemanticQueryBuilder extends AbstractQueryBuilder<SemanticQueryBuil
             }
 
             return semanticTextFieldType.semanticQuery(inferenceResults, searchExecutionContext.requestSize(), boost(), queryName());
+        } else if (lenient != null && lenient) {
+            return new MatchNoneQueryBuilder();
         } else {
             throw new IllegalArgumentException(
                 "Field [" + fieldName + "] of type [" + fieldType.typeName() + "] does not support " + NAME + " queries"

x-pack/plugin/inference/src/test/java/org/elasticsearch/xpack/inference/action/filter/ShardBulkInferenceActionFilterTests.java

@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ public class ShardBulkInferenceActionFilterTests extends ESTestCase {
             new BulkItemRequest[0]
         );
         request.setInferenceFieldMap(
-            Map.of("foo", new InferenceFieldMetadata("foo", "bar", generateRandomStringArray(5, 10, false, false)))
+            Map.of("foo", new InferenceFieldMetadata("foo", "bar", "baz", generateRandomStringArray(5, 10, false, false)))
         );
         filter.apply(task, TransportShardBulkAction.ACTION_NAME, request, actionListener, actionFilterChain);
         awaitLatch(chainExecuted, 10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);

x-pack/plugin/inference/src/yamlRestTest/resources/rest-api-spec/test/inference/40_semantic_text_query.yml

@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ setup:
         index: test-sparse-index
         id: doc_1
         body:
-          inference_field: ["inference test", "another inference test"]
+          inference_field: [ "inference test", "another inference test" ]
           non_inference_field: "non inference test"
         refresh: true
 
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ setup:
         index: test-sparse-index
         id: doc_1
         body:
-          inference_field: [40, 49.678]
+          inference_field: [ 40, 49.678 ]
         refresh: true
 
   - do:
@@ -229,7 +229,7 @@ setup:
         index: test-dense-index
         id: doc_1
         body:
-          inference_field: ["inference test", "another inference test"]
+          inference_field: [ "inference test", "another inference test" ]
           non_inference_field: "non inference test"
         refresh: true
 
@@ -260,7 +260,7 @@ setup:
         index: test-dense-index
         id: doc_1
         body:
-          inference_field: [45.1, 100]
+          inference_field: [ 45.1, 100 ]
         refresh: true
 
   - do:
@@ -387,7 +387,7 @@ setup:
         index: test-dense-index
         id: doc_1
         body:
-          inference_field: ["inference test", "another inference test"]
+          inference_field: [ "inference test", "another inference test" ]
           non_inference_field: "non inference test"
         refresh: true
 
@@ -418,7 +418,7 @@ setup:
         index: test-sparse-index
         id: doc_1
         body:
-          inference_field: ["inference test", "another inference test"]
+          inference_field: [ "inference test", "another inference test" ]
           non_inference_field: "non inference test"
         refresh: true
 
@@ -440,7 +440,7 @@ setup:
   - match: { hits.hits.0._id: "doc_1" }
   - close_to: { hits.hits.0._score: { value: 3.783733e19, error: 1e13 } }
   - length: { hits.hits.0._source.inference_field.inference.chunks: 2 }
-  - match: { hits.hits.0.matched_queries: ["i-like-naming-my-queries"] }
+  - match: { hits.hits.0.matched_queries: [ "i-like-naming-my-queries" ] }
 
 ---
 "Query an index alias":
@@ -452,7 +452,7 @@ setup:
         index: test-sparse-index
         id: doc_1
         body:
-          inference_field: ["inference test", "another inference test"]
+          inference_field: [ "inference test", "another inference test" ]
           non_inference_field: "non inference test"
         refresh: true
 
@@ -503,6 +503,48 @@ setup:
   - match: { error.root_cause.0.type: "illegal_argument_exception" }
   - match: { error.root_cause.0.reason: "Field [non_inference_field] of type [text] does not support semantic queries" }
 
+---
+"Query the wrong field type with lenient: true":
+  - requires:
+      cluster_features: "search.semantic_match_query_rewrite_interception_supported"
+      reason: lenient introduced in 8.18.0
+
+  - do:
+      index:
+        index: test-sparse-index
+        id: doc_1
+        body:
+          inference_field: "inference test"
+          non_inference_field: "non inference test"
+        refresh: true
+
+  - do:
+      catch: bad_request
+      search:
+        index: test-sparse-index
+        body:
+          query:
+            semantic:
+              field: "non_inference_field"
+              query: "inference test"
+
+  - match: { error.type: "search_phase_execution_exception" }
+  - match: { error.root_cause.0.type: "illegal_argument_exception" }
+  - match: { error.root_cause.0.reason: "Field [non_inference_field] of type [text] does not support semantic queries" }
+
+  - do:
+      search:
+        index: test-sparse-index
+        body:
+          query:
+            semantic:
+              field: "non_inference_field"
+              query: "inference test"
+              lenient: true
+
+  - match: { hits.total.value: 0 }
+
+
 ---
 "Query a missing field":
   - do:
@@ -783,7 +825,7 @@ setup:
         index: test-dense-index
         id: doc_1
         body:
-          inference_field: ["inference test", "another inference test"]
+          inference_field: [ "inference test", "another inference test" ]
           non_inference_field: "non inference test"
         refresh: true
 
@@ -844,11 +886,11 @@ setup:
 "Query a field that uses the default ELSER 2 endpoint":
   - requires:
       reason: "default ELSER 2 inference ID is enabled via a capability"
-      test_runner_features: [capabilities]
+      test_runner_features: [ capabilities ]
       capabilities:
         - method: GET
           path: /_inference
-          capabilities: [default_elser_2]
+          capabilities: [ default_elser_2 ]
 
   - do:
       indices.create:

x-pack/plugin/inference/src/yamlRestTest/resources/rest-api-spec/test/inference/45_semantic_text_match.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,284 @@
+setup:
+  - requires:
+      cluster_features: "search.semantic_match_query_rewrite_interception_supported"
+      reason: semantic_text match support introduced in 8.18.0
+
+  - do:
+      inference.put:
+        task_type: sparse_embedding
+        inference_id: sparse-inference-id
+        body: >
+          {
+            "service": "test_service",
+            "service_settings": {
+              "model": "my_model",
+              "api_key": "abc64"
+            },
+            "task_settings": {
+            }
+          }
+
+  - do:
+      inference.put:
+        task_type: sparse_embedding
+        inference_id: sparse-inference-id-2
+        body: >
+          {
+            "service": "test_service",
+            "service_settings": {
+              "model": "my_model",
+              "api_key": "abc64"
+            },
+            "task_settings": {
+            }
+          }
+
+  - do:
+      inference.put:
+        task_type: text_embedding
+        inference_id: dense-inference-id
+        body: >
+          {
+            "service": "text_embedding_test_service",
+            "service_settings": {
+              "model": "my_model",
+              "dimensions": 10,
+              "api_key": "abc64",
+              "similarity": "COSINE"
+            },
+            "task_settings": {
+            }
+          }
+
+  - do:
+      indices.create:
+        index: test-sparse-index
+        body:
+          mappings:
+            properties:
+              inference_field:
+                type: semantic_text
+                inference_id: sparse-inference-id
+              non_inference_field:
+                type: text
+
+  - do:
+      indices.create:
+        index: test-dense-index
+        body:
+          mappings:
+            properties:
+              inference_field:
+                type: semantic_text
+                inference_id: dense-inference-id
+              non_inference_field:
+                type: text
+
+  - do:
+      indices.create:
+        index: test-text-only-index
+        body:
+          mappings:
+            properties:
+              inference_field:
+                type: text
+              non_inference_field:
+                type: text
+
+---
+"Query using a sparse embedding model":
+  - skip:
+      features: [ "headers", "close_to" ]
+
+  - do:
+      index:
+        index: test-sparse-index
+        id: doc_1
+        body:
+          inference_field: [ "inference test", "another inference test" ]
+          non_inference_field: "non inference test"
+        refresh: true
+
+  - do:
+      headers:
+        # Force JSON content type so that we use a parser that interprets the floating-point score as a double
+        Content-Type: application/json
+      search:
+        index: test-sparse-index
+        body:
+          query:
+            match:
+              inference_field:
+                query: "inference test"
+
+  - match: { hits.total.value: 1 }
+  - match: { hits.hits.0._id: "doc_1" }
+
+---
+"Query using a dense embedding model":
+  - skip:
+      features: [ "headers", "close_to" ]
+
+  - do:
+      index:
+        index: test-dense-index
+        id: doc_1
+        body:
+          inference_field: [ "inference test", "another inference test" ]
+          non_inference_field: "non inference test"
+        refresh: true
+
+  - do:
+      headers:
+        # Force JSON content type so that we use a parser that interprets the floating-point score as a double
+        Content-Type: application/json
+      search:
+        index: test-dense-index
+        body:
+          query:
+            match:
+              inference_field:
+                query: "inference test"
+
+  - match: { hits.total.value: 1 }
+  - match: { hits.hits.0._id: "doc_1" }
+
+---
+"Query an index alias":
+  - skip:
+      features: [ "headers", "close_to" ]
+
+  - do:
+      index:
+        index: test-sparse-index
+        id: doc_1
+        body:
+          inference_field: [ "inference test", "another inference test" ]
+          non_inference_field: "non inference test"
+        refresh: true
+
+  - do:
+      indices.put_alias:
+        index: test-sparse-index
+        name: my-alias
+
+  - do:
+      headers:
+        # Force JSON content type so that we use a parser that interprets the floating-point score as a double
+        Content-Type: application/json
+      search:
+        index: my-alias
+        body:
+          query:
+            match:
+              inference_field:
+                query: "inference test"
+
+  - match: { hits.total.value: 1 }
+  - match: { hits.hits.0._id: "doc_1" }
+
+---
+"Query indices with both semantic_text and regular text content":
+
+  - do:
+      index:
+        index: test-sparse-index
+        id: doc_1
+        body:
+          inference_field: [ "inference test", "another inference test" ]
+          non_inference_field: "non inference test"
+        refresh: true
+
+  - do:
+      index:
+        index: test-text-only-index
+        id: doc_2
+        body:
+          inference_field: [ "inference test", "not an inference field" ]
+          non_inference_field: "non inference test"
+        refresh: true
+
+  - do:
+      search:
+        index:
+          - test-sparse-index
+          - test-text-only-index
+        body:
+          query:
+            match:
+              inference_field:
+                query: "inference test"
+
+  - match: { hits.total.value: 2 }
+  - match: { hits.hits.0._id: "doc_1" }
+  - match: { hits.hits.1._id: "doc_2" }
+
+  # Test querying multiple indices that either use the same inference ID or combine semantic_text with lexical search
+  - do:
+      indices.create:
+        index: test-sparse-index-2
+        body:
+          mappings:
+            properties:
+              inference_field:
+                type: semantic_text
+                inference_id: sparse-inference-id
+              non_inference_field:
+                type: text
+
+  - do:
+      index:
+        index: test-sparse-index-2
+        id: doc_3
+        body:
+          inference_field: "another inference test"
+        refresh: true
+
+  - do:
+      search:
+        index:
+          - test-sparse-index*
+          - test-text-only-index
+        body:
+          query:
+            match:
+              inference_field:
+                query: "inference test"
+
+  - match: { hits.total.value: 3 }
+  - match: { hits.hits.0._id: "doc_1" }
+  - match: { hits.hits.1._id: "doc_3" }
+  - match: { hits.hits.2._id: "doc_2" }
+
+---
+"Query a field that has no indexed inference results":
+  - skip:
+      features: [ "headers" ]
+
+  - do:
+      headers:
+        # Force JSON content type so that we use a parser that interprets the floating-point score as a double
+        Content-Type: application/json
+      search:
+        index: test-sparse-index
+        body:
+          query:
+            match:
+              inference_field:
+                query: "inference test"
+
+  - match: { hits.total.value: 0 }
+
+  - do:
+      headers:
+        # Force JSON content type so that we use a parser that interprets the floating-point score as a double
+        Content-Type: application/json
+      search:
+        index: test-dense-index
+        body:
+          query:
+            match:
+              inference_field:
+                query: "inference test"
+
+  - match: { hits.total.value: 0 }

x-pack/plugin/rank-rrf/src/test/java/org/elasticsearch/xpack/rank/rrf/RRFRetrieverBuilderTests.java

@@ -54,7 +54,9 @@ public class RRFRetrieverBuilderTests extends ESTestCase {
             IllegalArgumentException iae = expectThrows(
                 IllegalArgumentException.class,
                 () -> ssb.parseXContent(parser, true, nf -> true)
-                    .rewrite(new QueryRewriteContext(parserConfig(), null, null, null, new PointInTimeBuilder(new BytesArray("pitid"))))
+                    .rewrite(
+                        new QueryRewriteContext(parserConfig(), null, null, null, new PointInTimeBuilder(new BytesArray("pitid")), null)
+                    )
             );
             assertEquals("[search_after] cannot be used in children of compound retrievers", iae.getMessage());
         }
@@ -70,7 +72,9 @@ public class RRFRetrieverBuilderTests extends ESTestCase {
             IllegalArgumentException iae = expectThrows(
                 IllegalArgumentException.class,
                 () -> ssb.parseXContent(parser, true, nf -> true)
-                    .rewrite(new QueryRewriteContext(parserConfig(), null, null, null, new PointInTimeBuilder(new BytesArray("pitid"))))
+                    .rewrite(
+                        new QueryRewriteContext(parserConfig(), null, null, null, new PointInTimeBuilder(new BytesArray("pitid")), null)
+                    )
             );
             assertEquals("[terminate_after] cannot be used in children of compound retrievers", iae.getMessage());
         }