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046cdeae23
In this PR we implement the idea to introduce a flag, that a data stream needs to be rolloved over before the next document is indexed.
638 lines
23 KiB
Text
638 lines
23 KiB
Text
[[downsampling-manual]]
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=== Run downsampling manually
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++++
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<titleabbrev>Run downsampling manually</titleabbrev>
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++++
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////
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[source,console]
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----
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DELETE _data_stream/my-data-stream
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DELETE _index_template/my-data-stream-template
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DELETE _ingest/pipeline/my-timestamp-pipeline
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----
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// TEARDOWN
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////
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The recommended way to downsample a time series data stream (TSDS) is
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<<downsampling-ilm,through index lifecycle management (ILM)>>. However, if
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you're not using ILM, you can downsample a TSDS manually. This guide shows you
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how, using typical Kubernetes cluster monitoring data.
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To test out manual downsampling, follow these steps:
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. Check the <<downsampling-manual-prereqs,prerequisites>>.
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. <<downsampling-manual-create-index>>.
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. <<downsampling-manual-ingest-data>>.
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. <<downsampling-manual-run>>.
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. <<downsampling-manual-view-results>>.
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[discrete]
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[[downsampling-manual-prereqs]]
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==== Prerequisites
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* Refer to the <<tsds-prereqs,TSDS prerequisites>>.
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* It is not possible to downsample a data stream directly, nor
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multiple indices at once. It's only possible to downsample one time series index
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(TSDS backing index).
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* In order to downsample an index, it needs to be read-only. For a TSDS write
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index, this means it needs to be rolled over and made read-only first.
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* Downsampling uses UTC timestamps.
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* Downsampling needs at least one metric field to exist in the time series
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index.
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[discrete]
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[[downsampling-manual-create-index]]
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==== Create a time series data stream
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First, you'll create a TSDS. For simplicity, in the time series mapping all
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`time_series_metric` parameters are set to type `gauge`, but
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<<time-series-metric,other values>> such as `counter` and `histogram` may also
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be used. The `time_series_metric` values determine the kind of statistical
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representations that are used during downsampling.
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The index template includes a set of static
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<<time-series-dimension,time series dimensions>>: `host`, `namespace`,
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`node`, and `pod`. The time series dimensions are not changed by the
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downsampling process.
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[source,console]
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----
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PUT _index_template/my-data-stream-template
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{
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"index_patterns": [
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"my-data-stream*"
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],
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"data_stream": {},
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"template": {
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"settings": {
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"index": {
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"mode": "time_series",
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"routing_path": [
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"kubernetes.namespace",
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"kubernetes.host",
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"kubernetes.node",
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"kubernetes.pod"
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],
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"number_of_replicas": 0,
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"number_of_shards": 2
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}
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},
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"mappings": {
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"properties": {
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"@timestamp": {
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"type": "date"
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},
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"kubernetes": {
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"properties": {
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"container": {
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"properties": {
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"cpu": {
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"properties": {
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"usage": {
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"properties": {
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"core": {
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"properties": {
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"ns": {
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"type": "long"
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}
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}
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},
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"limit": {
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"properties": {
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"pct": {
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"type": "float"
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}
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}
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},
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"nanocores": {
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"type": "long",
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"time_series_metric": "gauge"
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},
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"node": {
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"properties": {
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"pct": {
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"type": "float"
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}
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}
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}
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}
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}
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}
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},
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"memory": {
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"properties": {
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"available": {
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"properties": {
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"bytes": {
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"type": "long",
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"time_series_metric": "gauge"
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}
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}
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},
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"majorpagefaults": {
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"type": "long"
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},
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"pagefaults": {
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"type": "long",
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"time_series_metric": "gauge"
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},
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"rss": {
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"properties": {
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"bytes": {
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"type": "long",
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"time_series_metric": "gauge"
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}
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}
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},
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"usage": {
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"properties": {
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"bytes": {
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"type": "long",
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"time_series_metric": "gauge"
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},
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"limit": {
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"properties": {
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"pct": {
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"type": "float"
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}
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}
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},
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"node": {
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"properties": {
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"pct": {
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"type": "float"
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}
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}
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}
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}
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},
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"workingset": {
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"properties": {
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"bytes": {
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"type": "long",
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"time_series_metric": "gauge"
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}
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}
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}
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}
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},
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"name": {
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"type": "keyword"
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},
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"start_time": {
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"type": "date"
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}
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}
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},
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"host": {
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"type": "keyword",
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"time_series_dimension": true
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},
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"namespace": {
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"type": "keyword",
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"time_series_dimension": true
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},
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"node": {
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"type": "keyword",
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"time_series_dimension": true
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},
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"pod": {
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"type": "keyword",
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"time_series_dimension": true
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}
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}
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}
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}
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}
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}
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}
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----
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[discrete]
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[[downsampling-manual-ingest-data]]
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==== Ingest time series data
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Because time series data streams have been designed to
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<<tsds-accepted-time-range,only accept recent data>>, in this example, you'll
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use an ingest pipeline to time-shift the data as it gets indexed. As a result,
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the indexed data will have an `@timestamp` from the last 15 minutes.
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Create the pipeline with this request:
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[source,console]
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----
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PUT _ingest/pipeline/my-timestamp-pipeline
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{
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"description": "Shifts the @timestamp to the last 15 minutes",
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"processors": [
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{
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"set": {
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"field": "ingest_time",
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"value": "{{_ingest.timestamp}}"
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}
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},
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{
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"script": {
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"lang": "painless",
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"source": """
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def delta = ChronoUnit.SECONDS.between(
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ZonedDateTime.parse("2022-06-21T15:49:00Z"),
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ZonedDateTime.parse(ctx["ingest_time"])
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);
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ctx["@timestamp"] = ZonedDateTime.parse(ctx["@timestamp"]).plus(delta,ChronoUnit.SECONDS).toString();
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"""
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}
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}
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]
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}
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----
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// TEST[continued]
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Next, use a bulk API request to automatically create your TSDS and index a set
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of ten documents:
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[source,console]
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----
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PUT /my-data-stream/_bulk?refresh&pipeline=my-timestamp-pipeline
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{"create": {}}
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{"@timestamp":"2022-06-21T15:49:00Z","kubernetes":{"host":"gke-apps-0","node":"gke-apps-0-0","pod":"gke-apps-0-0-0","container":{"cpu":{"usage":{"nanocores":91153,"core":{"ns":12828317850},"node":{"pct":2.77905e-05},"limit":{"pct":2.77905e-05}}},"memory":{"available":{"bytes":463314616},"usage":{"bytes":307007078,"node":{"pct":0.01770037710617187},"limit":{"pct":9.923134671484496e-05}},"workingset":{"bytes":585236},"rss":{"bytes":102728},"pagefaults":120901,"majorpagefaults":0},"start_time":"2021-03-30T07:59:06Z","name":"container-name-44"},"namespace":"namespace26"}}
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{"create": {}}
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{"@timestamp":"2022-06-21T15:45:50Z","kubernetes":{"host":"gke-apps-0","node":"gke-apps-0-0","pod":"gke-apps-0-0-0","container":{"cpu":{"usage":{"nanocores":124501,"core":{"ns":12828317850},"node":{"pct":2.77905e-05},"limit":{"pct":2.77905e-05}}},"memory":{"available":{"bytes":982546514},"usage":{"bytes":360035574,"node":{"pct":0.01770037710617187},"limit":{"pct":9.923134671484496e-05}},"workingset":{"bytes":1339884},"rss":{"bytes":381174},"pagefaults":178473,"majorpagefaults":0},"start_time":"2021-03-30T07:59:06Z","name":"container-name-44"},"namespace":"namespace26"}}
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{"create": {}}
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{"@timestamp":"2022-06-21T15:44:50Z","kubernetes":{"host":"gke-apps-0","node":"gke-apps-0-0","pod":"gke-apps-0-0-0","container":{"cpu":{"usage":{"nanocores":38907,"core":{"ns":12828317850},"node":{"pct":2.77905e-05},"limit":{"pct":2.77905e-05}}},"memory":{"available":{"bytes":862723768},"usage":{"bytes":379572388,"node":{"pct":0.01770037710617187},"limit":{"pct":9.923134671484496e-05}},"workingset":{"bytes":431227},"rss":{"bytes":386580},"pagefaults":233166,"majorpagefaults":0},"start_time":"2021-03-30T07:59:06Z","name":"container-name-44"},"namespace":"namespace26"}}
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{"create": {}}
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{"@timestamp":"2022-06-21T15:44:40Z","kubernetes":{"host":"gke-apps-0","node":"gke-apps-0-0","pod":"gke-apps-0-0-0","container":{"cpu":{"usage":{"nanocores":86706,"core":{"ns":12828317850},"node":{"pct":2.77905e-05},"limit":{"pct":2.77905e-05}}},"memory":{"available":{"bytes":567160996},"usage":{"bytes":103266017,"node":{"pct":0.01770037710617187},"limit":{"pct":9.923134671484496e-05}},"workingset":{"bytes":1724908},"rss":{"bytes":105431},"pagefaults":233166,"majorpagefaults":0},"start_time":"2021-03-30T07:59:06Z","name":"container-name-44"},"namespace":"namespace26"}}
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{"create": {}}
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{"@timestamp":"2022-06-21T15:44:00Z","kubernetes":{"host":"gke-apps-0","node":"gke-apps-0-0","pod":"gke-apps-0-0-0","container":{"cpu":{"usage":{"nanocores":150069,"core":{"ns":12828317850},"node":{"pct":2.77905e-05},"limit":{"pct":2.77905e-05}}},"memory":{"available":{"bytes":639054643},"usage":{"bytes":265142477,"node":{"pct":0.01770037710617187},"limit":{"pct":9.923134671484496e-05}},"workingset":{"bytes":1786511},"rss":{"bytes":189235},"pagefaults":138172,"majorpagefaults":0},"start_time":"2021-03-30T07:59:06Z","name":"container-name-44"},"namespace":"namespace26"}}
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{"create": {}}
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{"@timestamp":"2022-06-21T15:42:40Z","kubernetes":{"host":"gke-apps-0","node":"gke-apps-0-0","pod":"gke-apps-0-0-0","container":{"cpu":{"usage":{"nanocores":82260,"core":{"ns":12828317850},"node":{"pct":2.77905e-05},"limit":{"pct":2.77905e-05}}},"memory":{"available":{"bytes":854735585},"usage":{"bytes":309798052,"node":{"pct":0.01770037710617187},"limit":{"pct":9.923134671484496e-05}},"workingset":{"bytes":924058},"rss":{"bytes":110838},"pagefaults":259073,"majorpagefaults":0},"start_time":"2021-03-30T07:59:06Z","name":"container-name-44"},"namespace":"namespace26"}}
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{"create": {}}
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{"@timestamp":"2022-06-21T15:42:10Z","kubernetes":{"host":"gke-apps-0","node":"gke-apps-0-0","pod":"gke-apps-0-0-0","container":{"cpu":{"usage":{"nanocores":153404,"core":{"ns":12828317850},"node":{"pct":2.77905e-05},"limit":{"pct":2.77905e-05}}},"memory":{"available":{"bytes":279586406},"usage":{"bytes":214904955,"node":{"pct":0.01770037710617187},"limit":{"pct":9.923134671484496e-05}},"workingset":{"bytes":1047265},"rss":{"bytes":91914},"pagefaults":302252,"majorpagefaults":0},"start_time":"2021-03-30T07:59:06Z","name":"container-name-44"},"namespace":"namespace26"}}
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{"create": {}}
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{"@timestamp":"2022-06-21T15:40:20Z","kubernetes":{"host":"gke-apps-0","node":"gke-apps-0-0","pod":"gke-apps-0-0-0","container":{"cpu":{"usage":{"nanocores":125613,"core":{"ns":12828317850},"node":{"pct":2.77905e-05},"limit":{"pct":2.77905e-05}}},"memory":{"available":{"bytes":822782853},"usage":{"bytes":100475044,"node":{"pct":0.01770037710617187},"limit":{"pct":9.923134671484496e-05}},"workingset":{"bytes":2109932},"rss":{"bytes":278446},"pagefaults":74843,"majorpagefaults":0},"start_time":"2021-03-30T07:59:06Z","name":"container-name-44"},"namespace":"namespace26"}}
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{"create": {}}
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{"@timestamp":"2022-06-21T15:40:10Z","kubernetes":{"host":"gke-apps-0","node":"gke-apps-0-0","pod":"gke-apps-0-0-0","container":{"cpu":{"usage":{"nanocores":100046,"core":{"ns":12828317850},"node":{"pct":2.77905e-05},"limit":{"pct":2.77905e-05}}},"memory":{"available":{"bytes":567160996},"usage":{"bytes":362826547,"node":{"pct":0.01770037710617187},"limit":{"pct":9.923134671484496e-05}},"workingset":{"bytes":1986724},"rss":{"bytes":402801},"pagefaults":296495,"majorpagefaults":0},"start_time":"2021-03-30T07:59:06Z","name":"container-name-44"},"namespace":"namespace26"}}
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{"create": {}}
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{"@timestamp":"2022-06-21T15:38:30Z","kubernetes":{"host":"gke-apps-0","node":"gke-apps-0-0","pod":"gke-apps-0-0-0","container":{"cpu":{"usage":{"nanocores":40018,"core":{"ns":12828317850},"node":{"pct":2.77905e-05},"limit":{"pct":2.77905e-05}}},"memory":{"available":{"bytes":1062428344},"usage":{"bytes":265142477,"node":{"pct":0.01770037710617187},"limit":{"pct":9.923134671484496e-05}},"workingset":{"bytes":2294743},"rss":{"bytes":340623},"pagefaults":224530,"majorpagefaults":0},"start_time":"2021-03-30T07:59:06Z","name":"container-name-44"},"namespace":"namespace26"}}
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----
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// TEST[continued]
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You can use the search API to check if the documents have been indexed
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correctly:
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[source,console]
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----
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GET /my-data-stream/_search
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----
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// TEST[continued]
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Run the following aggregation on the data to calculate some interesting
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statistics:
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[source,console]
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----
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GET /my-data-stream/_search
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{
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"size": 0,
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"aggs": {
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"tsid": {
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"terms": {
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"field": "_tsid"
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},
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"aggs": {
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"over_time": {
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"date_histogram": {
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"field": "@timestamp",
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"fixed_interval": "1d"
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},
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"aggs": {
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"min": {
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"min": {
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"field": "kubernetes.container.memory.usage.bytes"
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}
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},
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"max": {
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"max": {
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"field": "kubernetes.container.memory.usage.bytes"
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}
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},
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"avg": {
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"avg": {
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"field": "kubernetes.container.memory.usage.bytes"
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}
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}
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}
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}
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}
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}
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}
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}
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----
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// TEST[continued]
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[discrete]
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[[downsampling-manual-run]]
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==== Downsample the TSDS
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A TSDS can't be downsampled directly. You need to downsample its backing indices
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instead. You can see the backing index for your data stream by running:
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[source,console]
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----
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GET /_data_stream/my-data-stream
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----
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// TEST[continued]
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This returns:
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[source,console-result]
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----
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{
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"data_streams": [
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{
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"name": "my-data-stream",
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"timestamp_field": {
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"name": "@timestamp"
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},
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"indices": [
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{
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"index_name": ".ds-my-data-stream-2023.07.26-000001", <1>
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"index_uuid": "ltOJGmqgTVm4T-Buoe7Acg",
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"prefer_ilm": true,
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"managed_by": "Unmanaged"
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}
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],
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"generation": 1,
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"status": "GREEN",
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"next_generation_managed_by": "Unmanaged",
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"prefer_ilm": true,
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"template": "my-data-stream-template",
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"hidden": false,
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"system": false,
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"allow_custom_routing": false,
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"replicated": false,
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"rollover_on_write": false,
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"time_series": {
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"temporal_ranges": [
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{
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"start": "2023-07-26T09:26:42.000Z",
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"end": "2023-07-26T13:26:42.000Z"
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}
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]
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}
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}
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]
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}
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----
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// TESTRESPONSE[s/".ds-my-data-stream-2023.07.26-000001"/$body.data_streams.0.indices.0.index_name/]
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// TESTRESPONSE[s/"ltOJGmqgTVm4T-Buoe7Acg"/$body.data_streams.0.indices.0.index_uuid/]
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// TESTRESPONSE[s/"2023-07-26T09:26:42.000Z"/$body.data_streams.0.time_series.temporal_ranges.0.start/]
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// TESTRESPONSE[s/"2023-07-26T13:26:42.000Z"/$body.data_streams.0.time_series.temporal_ranges.0.end/]
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// TESTRESPONSE[s/"replicated": false/"replicated": false,"failure_indices":[],"failure_store":false/]
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<1> The backing index for this data stream.
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Before a backing index can be downsampled, the TSDS needs to be rolled over and
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the old index needs to be made read-only.
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Roll over the TSDS using the <<indices-rollover-index,rollover API>>:
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[source,console]
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----
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POST /my-data-stream/_rollover/
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----
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// TEST[continued]
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Copy the name of the `old_index` from the response. In the following steps,
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replace the index name with that of your `old_index`.
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The old index needs to be set to read-only mode. Run the following request:
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[source,console]
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----
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PUT /.ds-my-data-stream-2023.07.26-000001/_block/write
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----
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// TEST[skip:We don't know the index name at test time]
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Next, use the <<indices-downsample-data-stream,downsample API>> to downsample
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the index, setting the time series interval to one hour:
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[source,console]
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----
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|
POST /.ds-my-data-stream-2023.07.26-000001/_downsample/.ds-my-data-stream-2023.07.26-000001-downsample
|
|
{
|
|
"fixed_interval": "1h"
|
|
}
|
|
----
|
|
// TEST[skip:We don't know the index name at test time]
|
|
|
|
Now you can <<modify-data-streams-api,modify the data stream>>, and replace the
|
|
original index with the downsampled one:
|
|
|
|
[source,console]
|
|
----
|
|
POST _data_stream/_modify
|
|
{
|
|
"actions": [
|
|
{
|
|
"remove_backing_index": {
|
|
"data_stream": "my-data-stream",
|
|
"index": ".ds-my-data-stream-2023.07.26-000001"
|
|
}
|
|
},
|
|
{
|
|
"add_backing_index": {
|
|
"data_stream": "my-data-stream",
|
|
"index": ".ds-my-data-stream-2023.07.26-000001-downsample"
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
]
|
|
}
|
|
----
|
|
// TEST[skip:We don't know the index name at test time]
|
|
|
|
You can now delete the old backing index. But be aware this will delete the
|
|
original data. Don't delete the index if you may need the original data in the
|
|
future.
|
|
|
|
[discrete]
|
|
[[downsampling-manual-view-results]]
|
|
==== View the results
|
|
|
|
Re-run the earlier search query (note that when querying downsampled indices
|
|
there are <<querying-downsampled-indices-notes,a few nuances to be aware of>>):
|
|
|
|
[source,console]
|
|
----
|
|
GET /my-data-stream/_search
|
|
----
|
|
// TEST[skip:Because we've skipped the previous steps]
|
|
|
|
The TSDS with the new downsampled backing index contains just one document. For
|
|
counters, this document would only have the last value. For gauges, the field
|
|
type is now `aggregate_metric_double`. You see the `min`, `max`, `sum`, and
|
|
`value_count` statistics based off of the original sampled metrics:
|
|
|
|
[source,console-result]
|
|
----
|
|
{
|
|
"took": 2,
|
|
"timed_out": false,
|
|
"_shards": {
|
|
"total": 4,
|
|
"successful": 4,
|
|
"skipped": 0,
|
|
"failed": 0
|
|
},
|
|
"hits": {
|
|
"total": {
|
|
"value": 1,
|
|
"relation": "eq"
|
|
},
|
|
"max_score": 1,
|
|
"hits": [
|
|
{
|
|
"_index": ".ds-my-data-stream-2023.07.26-000001-downsample",
|
|
"_id": "0eL0wC_4-45SnTNFAAABiZHbD4A",
|
|
"_score": 1,
|
|
"_source": {
|
|
"@timestamp": "2023-07-26T11:00:00.000Z",
|
|
"_doc_count": 10,
|
|
"ingest_time": "2023-07-26T11:26:42.715Z",
|
|
"kubernetes": {
|
|
"container": {
|
|
"cpu": {
|
|
"usage": {
|
|
"core": {
|
|
"ns": 12828317850
|
|
},
|
|
"limit": {
|
|
"pct": 0.0000277905
|
|
},
|
|
"nanocores": {
|
|
"min": 38907,
|
|
"max": 153404,
|
|
"sum": 992677,
|
|
"value_count": 10
|
|
},
|
|
"node": {
|
|
"pct": 0.0000277905
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
},
|
|
"memory": {
|
|
"available": {
|
|
"bytes": {
|
|
"min": 279586406,
|
|
"max": 1062428344,
|
|
"sum": 7101494721,
|
|
"value_count": 10
|
|
}
|
|
},
|
|
"majorpagefaults": 0,
|
|
"pagefaults": {
|
|
"min": 74843,
|
|
"max": 302252,
|
|
"sum": 2061071,
|
|
"value_count": 10
|
|
},
|
|
"rss": {
|
|
"bytes": {
|
|
"min": 91914,
|
|
"max": 402801,
|
|
"sum": 2389770,
|
|
"value_count": 10
|
|
}
|
|
},
|
|
"usage": {
|
|
"bytes": {
|
|
"min": 100475044,
|
|
"max": 379572388,
|
|
"sum": 2668170609,
|
|
"value_count": 10
|
|
},
|
|
"limit": {
|
|
"pct": 0.00009923134
|
|
},
|
|
"node": {
|
|
"pct": 0.017700378
|
|
}
|
|
},
|
|
"workingset": {
|
|
"bytes": {
|
|
"min": 431227,
|
|
"max": 2294743,
|
|
"sum": 14230488,
|
|
"value_count": 10
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
},
|
|
"name": "container-name-44",
|
|
"start_time": "2021-03-30T07:59:06.000Z"
|
|
},
|
|
"host": "gke-apps-0",
|
|
"namespace": "namespace26",
|
|
"node": "gke-apps-0-0",
|
|
"pod": "gke-apps-0-0-0"
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
]
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
----
|
|
// TEST[skip:Because we've skipped the previous step]
|
|
|
|
Re-run the earlier aggregation. Even though the aggregation runs on the
|
|
downsampled TSDS that only contains 1 document, it returns the same results as
|
|
the earlier aggregation on the original TSDS.
|
|
|
|
[source,console]
|
|
----
|
|
GET /my-data-stream/_search
|
|
{
|
|
"size": 0,
|
|
"aggs": {
|
|
"tsid": {
|
|
"terms": {
|
|
"field": "_tsid"
|
|
},
|
|
"aggs": {
|
|
"over_time": {
|
|
"date_histogram": {
|
|
"field": "@timestamp",
|
|
"fixed_interval": "1d"
|
|
},
|
|
"aggs": {
|
|
"min": {
|
|
"min": {
|
|
"field": "kubernetes.container.memory.usage.bytes"
|
|
}
|
|
},
|
|
"max": {
|
|
"max": {
|
|
"field": "kubernetes.container.memory.usage.bytes"
|
|
}
|
|
},
|
|
"avg": {
|
|
"avg": {
|
|
"field": "kubernetes.container.memory.usage.bytes"
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
----
|
|
// TEST[skip:Because we've skipped the previous steps]
|
|
|
|
This example demonstrates how downsampling can dramatically reduce the number of
|
|
documents stored for time series data, within whatever time boundaries you
|
|
choose. It's also possible to perform downsampling on already downsampled data,
|
|
to further reduce storage and associated costs, as the time series data ages and
|
|
the data resolution becomes less critical.
|
|
|
|
The recommended way to downsample a TSDS is with ILM. To learn more, try the
|
|
<<downsampling-ilm,Run downsampling with ILM>> example.
|