[Security Solution] Improve logging for FTR test retry function (#176316)

## Summary

**Fixes:** 
- https://github.com/elastic/kibana/issues/175481
- https://github.com/elastic/kibana/issues/175250


### Description

Improves logging for the `retry` FTR integration testing utility that is
used to wrap helpers that make endpoint calls or direct Elasticsearch
operations.

The previous logging would only explain that the maximum amount of
retries had been reached, with the actual error caused in the test being
lost, which proved hard to debug.

These changes catches the error and log it, allowing us to understand
why a retried test failed.

Error now reported as:

```
[00:00:19]         │ERROR Retrying installPrebuiltRulesPackageByVersion: Error: expected 500 "Internal Server Error", got 200 "OK"
[00:00:19]         │ debg --- retry.tryForTime failed again with the same message...
[00:00:19]         │ERROR Reached maximum number of retries for test: 2/2
[00:00:19]         └- ✖ fail: Rules Management - Prebuilt Rules - Update Prebuilt Rules Package @ess @serverless @skipInQA update_prebuilt_rules_package should allow user to install prebuilt rules from scratch, then install new rules and upgrade existing rules from the new package
[00:00:19]         │       Error: "Reached maximum number of retries for test: 2/2"
[00:00:19]         │       at block (retry.ts:72:16)
[00:00:19]         │       at runAttempt (retry_for_success.ts:29:21)
[00:00:19]         │       at retryForSuccess (retry_for_success.ts:79:27)
[00:00:19]         │       at RetryService.tryForTime (retry.ts:23:12)
[00:00:19]         │       at retry (retry.ts:62:20)
[00:00:19]         │       at installPrebuiltRulesPackageByVersion (install_fleet_package_by_url.ts:77:25)
[00:00:19]         │       at Context.<anonymous> (update_prebuilt_rules_package.ts:106:46)
[00:00:19]         │       at Object.apply (wrap_function.js:73:16)
```
Main error is still `"Reached maximum number of retries for test: 2/2"`,
but now additional logging of exactly **what failed in the test** is
error-logged as seen above: `ERROR Retrying
installPrebuiltRulesPackageByVersion: Error: expected 500 "Internal
Server Error", got 200 "OK"`

**Flaky test run:** 
- Shared 50 and 50:
https://buildkite.com/elastic/kibana-flaky-test-suite-runner/builds/5068
- Ess 100 runs:
https://buildkite.com/elastic/kibana-flaky-test-suite-runner/builds/5091
- Serverless 100 runs:
https://buildkite.com/elastic/kibana-flaky-test-suite-runner/builds/5092

### For maintainers

- [ ] This was checked for breaking API changes and was [labeled
appropriately](https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/kibana/master/contributing.html#kibana-release-notes-process)

x-pack/test/security_solution_api_integration/test_suites/detections_response/rules_management/prebuilt_rules/bundled_prebuilt_rules_package/trial_license_complete_tier/install_latest_bundled_prebuilt_rules.ts

@@ -61,7 +61,8 @@ export default ({ getService }: FtrProviderContext): void => {
         es,
         supertest,
         '99.0.0',
-        retry
+        retry,
+        log
       );
 
       // As opposed to "registry"

x-pack/test/security_solution_api_integration/test_suites/detections_response/rules_management/prebuilt_rules/bundled_prebuilt_rules_package/trial_license_complete_tier/prerelease_packages.ts

@@ -49,7 +49,8 @@ export default ({ getService }: FtrProviderContext): void => {
       const fleetPackageInstallationResponse = await installPrebuiltRulesPackageViaFleetAPI(
         es,
         supertest,
-        retry
+        retry,
+        log
       );
 
       expect(fleetPackageInstallationResponse.items.length).toBe(1);

x-pack/test/security_solution_api_integration/test_suites/detections_response/rules_management/prebuilt_rules/management/trial_license_complete_tier/fleet_integration.ts

@@ -49,6 +49,7 @@ export default ({ getService }: FtrProviderContext): void => {
         supertest,
         overrideExistingPackage: true,
         retryService: retry,
+        log,
       });
 
       // Verify that status is updated after package installation

x-pack/test/security_solution_api_integration/test_suites/detections_response/rules_management/prebuilt_rules/update_prebuilt_rules_package/trial_license_complete_tier/update_prebuilt_rules_package.ts

@@ -107,7 +107,8 @@ export default ({ getService }: FtrProviderContext): void => {
         es,
         supertest,
         previousVersion,
-        retry
+        retry,
+        log
       );
 
       expect(installPreviousPackageResponse._meta.install_source).toBe('registry');
@@ -160,7 +161,8 @@ export default ({ getService }: FtrProviderContext): void => {
         es,
         supertest,
         currentVersion,
-        retry
+        retry,
+        log
       );
       expect(installLatestPackageResponse.items.length).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(0);
 

x-pack/test/security_solution_api_integration/test_suites/detections_response/utils/retry.ts

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  */
 
 import { RetryService } from '@kbn/ftr-common-functional-services';
-
+import type { ToolingLog } from '@kbn/tooling-log';
 /**
  * Retry wrapper for async supertests, with a maximum number of retries.
  * You can pass in a function that executes a supertest test, and make assertions
@@ -44,15 +44,19 @@ import { RetryService } from '@kbn/ftr-common-functional-services';
 export const retry = async <T>({
   test,
   retryService,
+  utilityName,
   retries = 2,
   timeout = 30000,
   retryDelay = 200,
+  log,
 }: {
   test: () => Promise<T>;
+  utilityName: string;
   retryService: RetryService;
   retries?: number;
   timeout?: number;
   retryDelay?: number;
+  log: ToolingLog;
 }): Promise<T> => {
   let retryAttempt = 0;
   const response = await retryService.tryForTime(
@@ -61,12 +65,23 @@ export const retry = async <T>({
       if (retryAttempt > retries) {
         // Log error message if we reached the maximum number of retries
         // but don't throw an error, return it to break the retry loop.
-        return new Error('Reached maximum number of retries for test.');
+        const errorMessage = `Reached maximum number of retries for test: ${
+          retryAttempt - 1
+        }/${retries}`;
+        log?.error(errorMessage);
+        return new Error(JSON.stringify(errorMessage));
       }
 
       retryAttempt = retryAttempt + 1;
 
-      return test();
+      // Catch the error thrown by the test and log it, then throw it again
+      // to cause `tryForTime` to retry.
+      try {
+        return await test();
+      } catch (error) {
+        log.error(`Retrying ${utilityName}: ${error}`);
+        throw error;
+      }
     },
     undefined,
     retryDelay

x-pack/test/security_solution_api_integration/test_suites/detections_response/utils/rules/prebuilt_rules/install_fleet_package_by_url.ts

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ import type SuperTest from 'supertest';
 import { InstallPackageResponse } from '@kbn/fleet-plugin/common/types';
 import { epmRouteService } from '@kbn/fleet-plugin/common';
 import { RetryService } from '@kbn/ftr-common-functional-services';
+import type { ToolingLog } from '@kbn/tooling-log';
 import expect from 'expect';
 import { retry } from '../../retry';
 import { refreshSavedObjectIndices } from '../../refresh_index';
@@ -28,7 +29,8 @@ const ATTEMPT_TIMEOUT = 120000;
 export const installPrebuiltRulesPackageViaFleetAPI = async (
   es: Client,
   supertest: SuperTest.SuperTest<SuperTest.Test>,
-  retryService: RetryService
+  retryService: RetryService,
+  log: ToolingLog
 ): Promise<InstallPackageResponse> => {
   const fleetResponse = await retry<InstallPackageResponse>({
     test: async () => {
@@ -44,9 +46,11 @@ export const installPrebuiltRulesPackageViaFleetAPI = async (
 
       return testResponse.body;
     },
+    utilityName: installPrebuiltRulesPackageViaFleetAPI.name,
     retryService,
     retries: MAX_RETRIES,
     timeout: ATTEMPT_TIMEOUT,
+    log,
   });
 
   await refreshSavedObjectIndices(es);
@@ -67,7 +71,8 @@ export const installPrebuiltRulesPackageByVersion = async (
   es: Client,
   supertest: SuperTest.SuperTest<SuperTest.Test>,
   version: string,
-  retryService: RetryService
+  retryService: RetryService,
+  log: ToolingLog
 ): Promise<InstallPackageResponse> => {
   const fleetResponse = await retry<InstallPackageResponse>({
     test: async () => {
@@ -83,9 +88,11 @@ export const installPrebuiltRulesPackageByVersion = async (
 
       return testResponse.body;
     },
+    utilityName: installPrebuiltRulesPackageByVersion.name,
     retryService,
     retries: MAX_RETRIES,
     timeout: ATTEMPT_TIMEOUT,
+    log,
   });
 
   await refreshSavedObjectIndices(es);

x-pack/test/security_solution_api_integration/test_suites/detections_response/utils/rules/prebuilt_rules/install_prebuilt_rules_fleet_package.ts

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ import { InstallPackageResponse } from '@kbn/fleet-plugin/common/types';
 import type SuperTest from 'supertest';
 import { RetryService } from '@kbn/ftr-common-functional-services';
 import expect from 'expect';
+import { ToolingLog } from '@kbn/tooling-log';
 import { retry } from '../../retry';
 import { refreshSavedObjectIndices } from '../../refresh_index';
 
@@ -35,12 +36,14 @@ export const installPrebuiltRulesFleetPackage = async ({
   version,
   overrideExistingPackage,
   retryService,
+  log,
 }: {
   es: Client;
   supertest: SuperTest.SuperTest<SuperTest.Test>;
   version?: string;
   overrideExistingPackage: boolean;
   retryService: RetryService;
+  log: ToolingLog;
 }): Promise<InstallPackageResponse | BulkInstallPackagesResponse> => {
   if (version) {
     // Install a specific version
@@ -59,8 +62,10 @@ export const installPrebuiltRulesFleetPackage = async ({
         return testResponse.body;
       },
       retryService,
+      utilityName: installPrebuiltRulesFleetPackage.name,
       retries: MAX_RETRIES,
       timeout: ATTEMPT_TIMEOUT,
+      log,
     });
 
     await refreshSavedObjectIndices(es);
@@ -91,8 +96,10 @@ export const installPrebuiltRulesFleetPackage = async ({
         return body;
       },
       retryService,
+      utilityName: installPrebuiltRulesFleetPackage.name,
       retries: MAX_RETRIES,
       timeout: ATTEMPT_TIMEOUT,
+      log,
     });
 
     await refreshSavedObjectIndices(es);