[Security Solution] Fixes incorrect from field transform logic in upgrade/_perform route (#202824)

**Fixes: https://github.com/elastic/kibana/issues/202575**
**Fixes: https://github.com/elastic/kibana/issues/201631**
**Partially addresses: https://github.com/elastic/kibana/issues/202715**

## Summary

All bugs have the same source

> [!NOTE]  
> This bug/related fix is only visible with the
`prebuiltRulesCustomizationEnabled` feature flag turned on.

Fixes an issue where unedited prebuilt rules were being marked as
"Modified" when upgraded due to a bug in the `upgrade/_perform` endpoint
where the `from` field was incorrectly calculated via the `lookback`
field. Solves multiple bugs where prebuilt rules were marked as
"Modified" incorrectly when they were upgraded

See reproduce steps in related tickets
([example](https://github.com/elastic/kibana/issues/202575#issue-2713226478))

### Checklist

Check the PR satisfies following conditions. 

Reviewers should verify this PR satisfies this list as well.

- [x] [Unit or functional
tests](https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/kibana/master/development-tests.html)
were updated or added to match the most common scenarios

x-pack/plugins/security_solution/server/lib/detection_engine/prebuilt_rules/api/perform_rule_upgrade/diffable_rule_fields_mappings.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright Elasticsearch B.V. and/or licensed to Elasticsearch B.V. under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements. Licensed under the Elastic License
+ * 2.0; you may not use this file except in compliance with the Elastic License
+ * 2.0.
+ */
+
+import { transformDiffableFieldValues } from './diffable_rule_fields_mappings';
+
+describe('transformDiffableFieldValues', () => {
+  it('transforms rule_schedule into "from" value', () => {
+    const result = transformDiffableFieldValues('from', { interval: '5m', lookback: '4m' });
+    expect(result).toEqual({ type: 'TRANSFORMED_FIELD', value: 'now-540s' });
+  });
+});

x-pack/plugins/security_solution/server/lib/detection_engine/prebuilt_rules/api/perform_rule_upgrade/diffable_rule_fields_mappings.ts

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ import type {
 } from '../../../../../../common/api/detection_engine';
 import { type AllFieldsDiff } from '../../../../../../common/api/detection_engine';
 import type { PrebuiltRuleAsset } from '../../model/rule_assets/prebuilt_rule_asset';
+import { calculateFromValue } from '../../../rule_types/utils/utils';
 
 /**
  * Retrieves and transforms the value for a specific field from a DiffableRule group.
@@ -201,7 +202,8 @@ export const transformDiffableFieldValues = (
   diffableFieldValue: RuleSchedule | InlineKqlQuery | unknown
 ): TransformValuesReturnType => {
   if (fieldName === 'from' && isRuleSchedule(diffableFieldValue)) {
-    return { type: 'TRANSFORMED_FIELD', value: `now-${diffableFieldValue.lookback}` };
+    const from = calculateFromValue(diffableFieldValue.interval, diffableFieldValue.lookback);
+    return { type: 'TRANSFORMED_FIELD', value: from };
   } else if (fieldName === 'to') {
     return { type: 'TRANSFORMED_FIELD', value: `now` };
   } else if (fieldName === 'saved_id' && isInlineQuery(diffableFieldValue)) {

x-pack/plugins/security_solution/server/lib/detection_engine/rule_management/logic/bulk_actions/rule_params_modifier.ts

@@ -5,8 +5,6 @@
  * 2.0.
  */
 
-import moment from 'moment';
-import { parseInterval } from '@kbn/data-plugin/common/search/aggs/utils/date_interval_utils';
 import type { RuleParamsModifierResult } from '@kbn/alerting-plugin/server/rules_client/methods/bulk_edit';
 import type { ExperimentalFeatures } from '../../../../../../common';
 import type { InvestigationFieldsCombined, RuleAlertType } from '../../../rule_schema';
@@ -17,6 +15,7 @@ import type {
 } from '../../../../../../common/api/detection_engine/rule_management';
 import { BulkActionEditTypeEnum } from '../../../../../../common/api/detection_engine/rule_management';
 import { invariant } from '../../../../../../common/utils/invariant';
+import { calculateFromValue } from '../../../rule_types/utils/utils';
 
 export const addItemsToArray = <T>(arr: T[], items: T[]): T[] =>
   Array.from(new Set([...arr, ...items]));
@@ -256,10 +255,7 @@ const applyBulkActionEditToRuleParams = (
     }
     // update look-back period in from and meta.from fields
     case BulkActionEditTypeEnum.set_schedule: {
-      const interval = parseInterval(action.value.interval) ?? moment.duration(0);
-      const parsedFrom = parseInterval(action.value.lookback) ?? moment.duration(0);
-
-      const from = parsedFrom.asSeconds() + interval.asSeconds();
+      const from = calculateFromValue(action.value.interval, action.value.lookback);
 
       ruleParams = {
         ...ruleParams,
@@ -267,7 +263,7 @@ const applyBulkActionEditToRuleParams = (
           ...ruleParams.meta,
           from: action.value.lookback,
         },
-        from: `now-${from}s`,
+        from,
       };
 
       break;

x-pack/plugins/security_solution/server/lib/detection_engine/rule_types/utils/utils.test.ts

@@ -48,6 +48,7 @@ import {
   addToSearchAfterReturn,
   getUnprocessedExceptionsWarnings,
   getDisabledActionsWarningText,
+  calculateFromValue,
 } from './utils';
 import type { BulkResponseErrorAggregation, SearchAfterAndBulkCreateReturnType } from '../types';
 import {
@@ -586,6 +587,23 @@ describe('utils', () => {
     });
   });
 
+  describe('calculateFromValue', () => {
+    test('should return formatted `from` value from rule schedule fields', () => {
+      const from = calculateFromValue('5m', '4m');
+      expect(from).toEqual('now-540s');
+    });
+
+    test('should return formatted `from` value from rule schedule fields with no lookback', () => {
+      const from = calculateFromValue('5m', '0m');
+      expect(from).toEqual('now-300s');
+    });
+
+    test('should return formatted `from` value from rule schedule fields with invalid moment fields', () => {
+      const from = calculateFromValue('5', '5');
+      expect(from).toEqual('now-0s');
+    });
+  });
+
   describe('getMaxCatchupRatio', () => {
     test('should return 0 if gap is 0', () => {
       const catchup = getNumCatchupIntervals({

x-pack/plugins/security_solution/server/lib/detection_engine/rule_types/utils/utils.ts

@@ -568,6 +568,20 @@ export const getCatchupTuples = ({
   return catchupTuples;
 };
 
+/**
+ * Takes the rule schedule fields `interval` and `lookback` and uses them to calculate the `from` value for a rule
+ *
+ * @param interval string representing the interval on which the rule runs
+ * @param lookback string representing the rule's additional lookback
+ * @returns string representing the rule's 'from' property
+ */
+export const calculateFromValue = (interval: string, lookback: string) => {
+  const parsedInterval = parseInterval(interval) ?? moment.duration(0);
+  const parsedFrom = parseInterval(lookback) ?? moment.duration(0);
+  const duration = parsedFrom.asSeconds() + parsedInterval.asSeconds();
+  return `now-${duration}s`;
+};
+
 /**
  * Given errors from a search query this will return an array of strings derived from the errors.
  * @param errors The errors to derive the strings from