[ES|QL] Support argument precedence in BasicPrettyPrinter (#191727)

## Summary

Inserts brackets where necessary, if binary expressions have different
precedence. For example:

```
FROM a | WHERE (1 + 2) * (3 - 4)
```


### Checklist

- [x] [Unit or functional
tests](https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/kibana/master/development-tests.html)
were updated or added to match the most common scenarios


### For maintainers

- [x] This was checked for breaking API changes and was [labeled
appropriately](https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/kibana/master/contributing.html#kibana-release-notes-process)

packages/kbn-esql-ast/src/pretty_print/__tests__/basic_pretty_printer.test.ts

@@ -211,7 +211,7 @@ describe('single line query', () => {
         });
       });
 
-      describe('binary expression expression', () => {
+      describe('binary expression', () => {
         test('arithmetic expression', () => {
           const { text } = reprint('ROW 1 + 2');
 
@@ -235,6 +235,36 @@ describe('single line query', () => {
 
           expect(text).toBe('FROM a | WHERE a LIKE "b"');
         });
+
+        test('inserts brackets where necessary due precedence', () => {
+          const { text } = reprint('FROM a | WHERE (1 + 2) * 3');
+
+          expect(text).toBe('FROM a | WHERE (1 + 2) * 3');
+        });
+
+        test('inserts brackets where necessary due precedence - 2', () => {
+          const { text } = reprint('FROM a | WHERE (1 + 2) * (3 - 4)');
+
+          expect(text).toBe('FROM a | WHERE (1 + 2) * (3 - 4)');
+        });
+
+        test('inserts brackets where necessary due precedence - 3', () => {
+          const { text } = reprint('FROM a | WHERE (1 + 2) * (3 - 4) / (5 + 6 + 7)');
+
+          expect(text).toBe('FROM a | WHERE (1 + 2) * (3 - 4) / (5 + 6 + 7)');
+        });
+
+        test('inserts brackets where necessary due precedence - 4', () => {
+          const { text } = reprint('FROM a | WHERE (1 + (1 + 2)) * ((3 - 4) / (5 + 6 + 7))');
+
+          expect(text).toBe('FROM a | WHERE (1 + 1 + 2) * (3 - 4) / (5 + 6 + 7)');
+        });
+
+        test('inserts brackets where necessary due precedence - 5', () => {
+          const { text } = reprint('FROM a | WHERE (1 + (1 + 2)) * (((3 - 4) / (5 + 6 + 7)) + 1)');
+
+          expect(text).toBe('FROM a | WHERE (1 + 1 + 2) * ((3 - 4) / (5 + 6 + 7) + 1)');
+        });
       });
     });
 

packages/kbn-esql-ast/src/pretty_print/basic_pretty_printer.ts

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
  * Side Public License, v 1.
  */
 
+import { binaryExpressionGroup } from '../ast/helpers';
 import { ESQLAstCommand } from '../types';
 import { ESQLAstExpressionNode, ESQLAstQueryNode, Visitor } from '../visitor';
 import { LeafPrinter } from './leaf_printer';
@@ -135,10 +136,12 @@ export class BasicPrettyPrinter {
     .on('visitExpression', (ctx) => {
       return '<EXPRESSION>';
     })
+
     .on('visitSourceExpression', (ctx) => LeafPrinter.source(ctx.node))
     .on('visitColumnExpression', (ctx) => LeafPrinter.column(ctx.node))
     .on('visitLiteralExpression', (ctx) => LeafPrinter.literal(ctx.node))
     .on('visitTimeIntervalLiteralExpression', (ctx) => LeafPrinter.timeInterval(ctx.node))
+
     .on('visitInlineCastExpression', (ctx) => {
       const value = ctx.value();
       const wrapInBrackets =
@@ -154,6 +157,7 @@ export class BasicPrettyPrinter {
 
       return `${valueFormatted}::${ctx.node.castType}`;
     })
+
     .on('visitListLiteralExpression', (ctx) => {
       let elements = '';
 
@@ -163,6 +167,7 @@ export class BasicPrettyPrinter {
 
       return `[${elements}]`;
     })
+
     .on('visitFunctionCallExpression', (ctx) => {
       const opts = this.opts;
       const node = ctx.node;
@@ -183,7 +188,25 @@ export class BasicPrettyPrinter {
         case 'binary-expression': {
           operator = this.keyword(operator);
 
-          return `${ctx.visitArgument(0)} ${operator} ${ctx.visitArgument(1)}`;
+          const group = binaryExpressionGroup(ctx.node);
+          const [left, right] = ctx.arguments();
+          const groupLeft = binaryExpressionGroup(left);
+          const groupRight = binaryExpressionGroup(right);
+
+          let leftFormatted = ctx.visitArgument(0);
+          let rightFormatted = ctx.visitArgument(1);
+
+          if (groupLeft && groupLeft < group) {
+            leftFormatted = `(${leftFormatted})`;
+          }
+
+          if (groupRight && groupRight < group) {
+            rightFormatted = `(${rightFormatted})`;
+          }
+
+          const formatted = `${leftFormatted} ${operator} ${rightFormatted}`;
+
+          return formatted;
         }
         default: {
           if (opts.lowercaseFunctions) {
@@ -200,9 +223,11 @@ export class BasicPrettyPrinter {
         }
       }
     })
+
     .on('visitRenameExpression', (ctx) => {
       return `${ctx.visitArgument(0)} ${this.keyword('AS')} ${ctx.visitArgument(1)}`;
     })
+
     .on('visitCommandOption', (ctx) => {
       const opts = this.opts;
       const option = opts.lowercaseOptions ? ctx.node.name : ctx.node.name.toUpperCase();
@@ -218,6 +243,7 @@ export class BasicPrettyPrinter {
 
       return optionFormatted;
     })
+
     .on('visitCommand', (ctx) => {
       const opts = this.opts;
       const cmd = opts.lowercaseCommands ? ctx.node.name : ctx.node.name.toUpperCase();
@@ -239,6 +265,7 @@ export class BasicPrettyPrinter {
 
       return cmdFormatted;
     })
+
     .on('visitQuery', (ctx) => {
       const opts = this.opts;
       const cmdSeparator = opts.multiline ? `\n${opts.pipeTab ?? '  '}| ` : ' | ';

packages/kbn-esql-ast/src/pretty_print/wrapping_pretty_printer.ts

@@ -332,6 +332,7 @@ export class WrappingPrettyPrinter {
 
     .on('visitRenameExpression', (ctx, inp: Input): Output => {
       const operator = this.keyword('AS');
+
       return this.visitBinaryExpression(ctx, operator, inp);
     })