[DOCS] Updates Index Management doc to include index templates (#45424) (#45792)

* [DOCS] Updates Index Management doc to include index templates

* [DOCS] Added example of creating a template

* [DOCS] Incorporates review comments

* [DOCS] Fixes typo

docs/management/managing-indices.asciidoc

@@ -1,60 +1,190 @@
 [role="xpack"]
 [[managing-indices]]
-== Managing Indices
+== Index management
 
 *Index Management* enables you to view index settings,
 mappings, and statistics and perform index-level operations.
 These include refreshing, flushing, clearing the cache, force merging segments,
-freezing indices, and more. *Index Management* provides a convenient way to
-perform bulk operations on multiple indices.
+freezing indices, and more. Practicing good index management helps ensure 
+that your data is stored in the most cost-effective way possible.
 
-To access this feature, go to *Management > {es} > Index Management*. 
-If security is enabled,
-you must have the `monitor` cluster privilege and the `view_index_metadata` 
-and `manage` index privileges to view the data.  See 
-{xpack-ref}/security-privileges.html[Security Privileges] for more
-information.
+*Index Management* also helps you create index templates. A template reduces 
+the amount of bookkeeping when working with indices. Instead of manually 
+setting up your indices, you can create them automatically from a template, 
+ensuring that your settings, mappings, and aliases are consistently defined.
 
-*Index Management* uses badges to make users aware when an index is {ref}/frozen-indices.html[frozen], 
-a {ref}/ccr-put-follow.html[follower index], 
-or a {ref}/rollup-get-rollup-index-caps.html[rollup index]. 
-Clicking a badge filters for all indices of that type. 
+To manage your indices, go to *Management > {es} > Index Management*. 
 
 [role="screenshot"]
 image::images/management_index_labels.png[Index Management UI]
 
-Clicking the name of an index displays the index summary and provides access to
-the index settings, mapping, and statistics. 
+If security is enabled,
+you must have the `monitor` cluster privilege and the `view_index_metadata` 
+and `manage` index privileges to view the data.  
+For index templates, you must have the `manage_index_templates` cluster privilege.
+See {xpack-ref}/security-privileges.html[Security Privileges] for more
+information.
 
-From the *Manage* menu, you can perform these index-level operations on either 
-a single or multiple indices:
+Before using this feature, you should be familiar with index management 
+operations. Refer to the {ref}/indices.html[index management APIs]
+and the {ref}/indices-templates.html[index template APIs].
 
-* *Close the index*. Blocks the index from read/write operations. 
+[float]
+=== View and edit indices
+
+When you open *Index Management*, you’re presented an overview of your configured indices. 
+Badges indicate if an index is {ref}/frozen-indices.html[frozen], 
+a {ref}/ccr-put-follow.html[follower index], 
+or a {ref}/rollup-get-rollup-index-caps.html[rollup index]. 
+
+Clicking a badge narrows the list to only indices of that type. 
+You can also filter your indices using the search bar.
+
+You can drill down into each index to investigate the index 
+{ref}/index-modules.html#index-modules-settings[settings], {ref}/mapping.html[mapping], and statistics.  
+From this view, you can also edit the index settings.
+
+[role="screenshot"]
+image::images/management_index_details.png[Index Management UI]
+
+[float]
+=== Perform index-level operations
+
+Use the *Manage* menu to perform index-level operations.  This menu 
+is available in the index details view, or when you select the checkbox of one or more 
+indices on the overview page. The menu includes the following actions:  
+
+* *Close index*. Blocks the index from read/write operations. 
 A closed index exists in the cluster, but doesn't consume resources 
 other than disk space. If you reopen a closed index, it goes through the 
 normal recovery process. 
 
-* *Force merge the index*. Reduces the number of segments in your shard by 
+* *Force merge index*. Reduces the number of segments in your shard by 
 merging smaller files and clearing deleted ones. Only force merge a read-only index.
 
-* *Refresh the index*. Writes the operations in the indexing buffer to the 
-filesystem cache. This is automatically done once per second. Forcing a manual 
+* *Refresh index*. Writes the operations in the indexing buffer to the 
+filesystem cache. This action is automatically performed once per second. Forcing a manual 
 refresh is useful during testing, but should not be routinely done in 
 production because it has a performance impact.
 
-* *Clear the index cache*. Clears all caches associated with the index. 
+* *Clear index cache*. Clears all caches associated with the index. 
 
-* *Flush the index*. Frees memory by syncing the filesystem cache to disk and 
+* *Flush index*. Frees memory by syncing the filesystem cache to disk and 
 clearing the cache. Once the sync is complete, the internal transaction log is reset.
 
-* *Freeze the index*. Makes the index read-only and reduces its memory footprint 
-by moving shards to disk. {ref}/frozen-indices.html[Frozen indices] remain 
+* *Freeze index*. Makes the index read-only and reduces its memory footprint 
+by moving shards to disk. Frozen indices remain 
 searchable, but queries take longer.
 
-* *Delete the index*. Permanently removes the index and all of it's documents.
+* *Delete index*. Permanently removes the index and all of its documents.
 
-* *Add an lifecycle policy*.  Specifies a policy for managing the lifecycle of the 
+* *Add lifecycle policy*.  Specifies a policy for managing the lifecycle of the 
 index.
 
-For information about the available management operations,
-see {ref}/indices.html[Indices APIs].
+[float]
+[[manage-index-templates]]
+=== Manage index templates
+
+An index template defines {ref}/index-modules.html#index-modules-settings[settings],
+{ref}/mapping.html[mappings], and {ref}/indices-add-alias.html[aliases] 
+that you can automatically apply when creating a new index.  {es} applies a 
+template to a new index based on an index pattern that matches the index name.
+
+The *Index Templates* view lists your templates and enables you to examine, edit, clone, and 
+delete them. Changes you make to an index template 
+do not affect existing indices.
+
+[role="screenshot"]
+image::images/management-index-templates.png[Index templates]
+
+If you don't have any templates, you can create one using the *Create template* wizard.  
+Index templates are applied during index creation, 
+so you must create the 
+template before you create the indices.
+
+[float]
+==== Example: Create an index template
+
+In this example, you’ll create an index template for randomly generated log files.
+
+Open the *Create template* wizard, and enter `logs_template` in the *Name* 
+field.  Set *Index pattern* to `logstash*` so the template matches any index
+with that index pattern. The merge order and version are both optional, 
+and you'll leave them blank in this example.
+ 
+[role="screenshot"]
+image::images/management_index_create_wizard.png[Create wizard]
+
+The second step in the *Create template* wizard allows you to define index settings.  
+These settings are optional, and this example skips this step. 
+
+The logs data set requires a 
+mapping to label the latitude and longitude pairs as geographic locations 
+by applying the geo_point type. In the third step of the wizard, define 
+this mapping as follows:
+
+[source,js]
+----------------------------------
+{
+  "properties": {
+    "geo": {
+      "properties": {
+        "coordinates": {
+          "type": "geo_point"
+        }  
+      }    
+    }
+  }
+}
+----------------------------------
+
+In the fourth step, define an alias named `logstash`.
+ 
+[source,js]
+----------------------------------
+{
+  "logstash": {}
+}
+----------------------------------
+ 
+A summary of the template is in step 5. If everything looks right, click *Create template*. 
+
+At this point, you’re ready to use the {es} index API to load the logs data.
+In the {kib} *Console*, index two documents:
+
+[source,js]
+----------------------------------
+POST /logstash-2019.05.18/_doc
+{
+  "@timestamp": "2019-05-18T15:57:27.541Z",
+  "ip": "225.44.217.191",
+  "extension": "jpg",
+  "response": "200",
+  "geo": {
+    "coordinates": {
+      "lat": 38.53146222,
+      "lon": -121.7864906
+    }
+  },
+  "url": "https://media-for-the-masses.theacademyofperformingartsandscience.org/uploads/charles-fullerton.jpg"
+}
+
+POST /logstash-2019.05.20/_doc
+{
+  "@timestamp": "2019-05-20T03:44:20.844Z",
+  "ip": "198.247.165.49",
+  "extension": "php",
+  "response": "200",
+  "geo": {
+    "coordinates": {
+      "lat": 37.13189556,
+      "lon": -76.4929875
+    }
+  },
+  "memory": 241720,
+  "url": "https://theacademyofperformingartsandscience.org/people/type:astronauts/name:laurel-b-clark/profile"
+}
+----------------------------------
+
+The mappings and alias are configured automatically based on the template. To verify, you 
+can view one of the newly created indices using the {ref}/indices-get-index.html#indices-get-index[index API].