vortex/simX/core.cpp
2019-11-22 19:23:54 -05:00

809 lines
23 KiB
C++

/*******************************************************************************
HARPtools by Chad D. Kersey, Summer 2011
*******************************************************************************/
#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>
// #define USE_DEBUG 7
// #define PRINT_ACTIVE_THREADS
#include "include/types.h"
#include "include/util.h"
#include "include/archdef.h"
#include "include/mem.h"
#include "include/enc.h"
#include "include/core.h"
#include "include/debug.h"
#ifdef EMU_INSTRUMENTATION
#include "include/qsim-harp.h"
#endif
#define NO_MEM_READ 7
#define LB_MEM_READ 0
#define LH_MEM_READ 1
#define LW_MEM_READ 2
#define LBU_MEM_READ 4
#define LHU_MEM_READ 5
#define NO_MEM_WRITE 7
#define SB_MEM_WRITE 0
#define SH_MEM_WRITE 1
#define SW_MEM_WRITE 2
#define INIT_TRACE(trace_inst) \
trace_inst.valid_inst = false; \
trace_inst.pc = 0; \
trace_inst.wid = schedule_w; \
trace_inst.rs1 = -1; \
trace_inst.rs2 = -1; \
trace_inst.rd = -1; \
trace_inst.vs1 = -1; \
trace_inst.vs2 = -1; \
trace_inst.vd = -1; \
trace_inst.is_lw = false; \
trace_inst.is_sw = false; \
trace_inst.mem_addresses = new unsigned[a.getNThds()]; \
for (int tid = 0; tid < a.getNThds(); tid++) trace_inst.mem_addresses[tid] = 0xdeadbeef; \
trace_inst.mem_stall_cycles = 0; \
trace_inst.fetch_stall_cycles = 0; \
trace_inst.stall_warp = false; \
trace_inst.wspawn = false; \
trace_inst.stalled = false;
#define CPY_TRACE(drain, source) \
drain.valid_inst = source.valid_inst; \
drain.pc = source.pc; \
drain.wid = source.wid; \
drain.rs1 = source.rs1; \
drain.rs2 = source.rs2; \
drain.rd = source.rd; \
drain.vs1 = source.vs1; \
drain.vs2 = source.vs2; \
drain.vd = source.vd; \
drain.is_lw = source.is_lw; \
drain.is_sw = source.is_sw; \
for (int tid = 0; tid < a.getNThds(); tid++) drain.mem_addresses[tid] = source.mem_addresses[tid]; \
drain.mem_stall_cycles = source.mem_stall_cycles; \
drain.fetch_stall_cycles = source.fetch_stall_cycles; \
drain.stall_warp = source.stall_warp; \
drain.wspawn = source.wspawn; \
drain.stalled = false;
using namespace Harp;
using namespace std;
void printTrace(trace_inst_t * trace, const char * stage_name)
{
cout << "********************************** " << stage_name << " *********************************\n";
cout << "valid: " << trace->valid_inst << '\n';
cout << "PC: " << hex << trace->pc << dec << '\n';
cout << "wid: " << trace->wid << '\n';
cout << "rd: " << trace->rd << "\trs1: " << trace->rs1 << "\trs2: " << trace->rs2 << '\n';
cout << "is_lw: " << trace->is_lw << '\n';
cout << "is_sw: " << trace->is_sw << '\n';
cout << "fetch_stall_cycles: " << trace->fetch_stall_cycles << '\n';
cout << "mem_stall_cycles: " << trace->mem_stall_cycles << '\n';
cout << "stall_warp: " << trace->stall_warp << '\n';
cout << "wspawn: " << trace->wspawn << '\n';
cout << "stalled: " << trace->stalled << '\n';
}
#ifdef EMU_INSTRUMENTATION
void Harp::reg_doRead(Word cpuId, Word regNum) {
Harp::OSDomain::osDomain->do_reg(cpuId, regNum, 8, true);
}
void Harp::reg_doWrite(Word cpuId, Word regNum) {
Harp::OSDomain::osDomain->do_reg(cpuId, regNum, 8, false);
}
#endif
Core::Core(const ArchDef &a, Decoder &d, MemoryUnit &mem, Word id):
a(a), iDec(d), mem(mem), steps(4)
{
release_warp = false;
foundSchedule = true;
schedule_w = 0;
INIT_TRACE(inst_in_fetch);
INIT_TRACE(inst_in_decode);
INIT_TRACE(inst_in_scheduler);
INIT_TRACE(inst_in_exe);
INIT_TRACE(inst_in_lsu);
INIT_TRACE(inst_in_wb);
for (int i = 0; i < 32; i++)
{
stallWarp[i] = false;
for (int j = 0; j < 32; j++)
{
renameTable[i][j] = true;
}
}
for(int i = 0; i < 32; i++)
{
vecRenameTable[i] = true;
}
cache_simulator = new Vcache_simX;
m_trace = new VerilatedVcdC;
cache_simulator->trace(m_trace, 99);
m_trace->open("simXtrace.vcd");
cache_simulator->reset = 1;
cache_simulator->clk = 0;
cache_simulator->eval();
// m_trace->dump(10);
cache_simulator->reset = 1;
cache_simulator->clk = 1;
cache_simulator->eval();
// m_trace->dump(11);
cache_simulator->reset = 0;
cache_simulator->clk = 0;
for (unsigned i = 0; i < a.getNWarps(); ++i)
w.push_back(Warp(this, i));
w[0].activeThreads = 1;
w[0].spawned = true;
}
bool Core::interrupt(Word r0) {
w[0].interrupt(r0);
}
void Core::step()
{
cout << "\n\n\n------------------------------------------------------\n";
steps++;
cout << "CYCLE: " << steps << '\n';
cout << "Stalled Warps:\n";
for (int widd = 0; widd < a.getNWarps(); widd++)
{
cout << stallWarp[widd] << " ";
}
cout << '\n';
// cout << "Rename table\n";
// for (int regii = 0; regii < 32; regii++)
// {
// cout << regii << ": " << renameTable[0][regii] << '\n';
// }
cout << '\n';
this->writeback();
this->load_store();
this->execute_unit();
this->scheduler();
this->decode();
this->fetch();
if (release_warp)
{
release_warp = false;
stallWarp[release_warp_num] = false;
}
}
void Core::getCacheDelays(trace_inst_t * trace_inst)
{
static int curr_cycle = 0;
if (trace_inst->valid_inst)
{
bool in_dcache_in_valid[a.getNThds()];
unsigned in_dcache_in_address[a.getNThds()];
unsigned in_dcache_mem_read;
unsigned in_dcache_mem_write;
if (trace_inst->is_lw)
{
in_dcache_mem_read = LW_MEM_READ;
in_dcache_mem_write = NO_MEM_WRITE;
}
else if (trace_inst->is_sw)
{
in_dcache_mem_read = NO_MEM_READ;
in_dcache_mem_write = SW_MEM_WRITE;
}
else
{
in_dcache_mem_read = NO_MEM_READ;
in_dcache_mem_write = NO_MEM_WRITE;
}
for (int j = 0; j < a.getNThds(); j++)
{
if ((w[trace_inst->wid].tmask[j]) && (trace_inst->is_sw || trace_inst->is_lw))
{
in_dcache_in_valid[j] = true;
in_dcache_in_address[j] = trace_inst->mem_addresses[j];
}
else
{
in_dcache_in_valid[j] = false;
in_dcache_in_address[j] = 0xdeadbeef;
}
}
cache_simulator->clk = 1;
cache_simulator->eval();
m_trace->dump(2*curr_cycle);
cache_simulator->in_icache_pc_addr = trace_inst->pc;
cache_simulator->in_icache_valid_pc_addr = 1;
// DCache start
cache_simulator->in_dcache_mem_read = in_dcache_mem_read;
cache_simulator->in_dcache_mem_write = in_dcache_mem_write;
for (int cur_t = 0; cur_t < a.getNThds(); cur_t++)
{
cache_simulator->in_dcache_in_valid[cur_t] = in_dcache_in_valid[cur_t];
cache_simulator->in_dcache_in_address[cur_t] = in_dcache_in_address[cur_t];
}
// DCache end
cache_simulator->clk = 0;
cache_simulator->eval();
m_trace->dump(2*curr_cycle+1);
curr_cycle++;
while((cache_simulator->out_icache_stall || cache_simulator->out_dcache_stall))
{
////////// Feed input
if (cache_simulator->out_icache_stall)
{
cache_simulator->in_icache_pc_addr = trace_inst->pc;
cache_simulator->in_icache_valid_pc_addr = 1;
trace_inst->fetch_stall_cycles++;
}
else
{
cache_simulator->in_icache_valid_pc_addr = 0;
}
if (cache_simulator->out_dcache_stall)
{
cache_simulator->in_dcache_mem_read = in_dcache_mem_read;
cache_simulator->in_dcache_mem_write = in_dcache_mem_write;
for (int cur_t = 0; cur_t < a.getNThds(); cur_t++)
{
cache_simulator->in_dcache_in_valid[cur_t] = in_dcache_in_valid[cur_t];
cache_simulator->in_dcache_in_address[cur_t] = in_dcache_in_address[cur_t];
}
trace_inst->mem_stall_cycles++;
}
else
{
cache_simulator->in_dcache_mem_read = NO_MEM_READ;
cache_simulator->in_dcache_mem_write = NO_MEM_WRITE;
for (int cur_t = 0; cur_t < a.getNThds(); cur_t++)
{
cache_simulator->in_dcache_in_valid[cur_t] = 0;
}
}
cache_simulator->clk = 1;
cache_simulator->eval();
m_trace->dump(2*curr_cycle);
//////// Feed input
if (cache_simulator->out_icache_stall)
{
cache_simulator->in_icache_pc_addr = trace_inst->pc;
cache_simulator->in_icache_valid_pc_addr = 1;
}
else
{
cache_simulator->in_icache_valid_pc_addr = 0;
}
if (cache_simulator->out_dcache_stall)
{
cache_simulator->in_dcache_mem_read = in_dcache_mem_read;
cache_simulator->in_dcache_mem_write = in_dcache_mem_write;
for (int cur_t = 0; cur_t < a.getNThds(); cur_t++)
{
cache_simulator->in_dcache_in_valid[cur_t] = in_dcache_in_valid[cur_t];
cache_simulator->in_dcache_in_address[cur_t] = in_dcache_in_address[cur_t];
}
}
else
{
cache_simulator->in_dcache_mem_read = NO_MEM_READ;
cache_simulator->in_dcache_mem_write = NO_MEM_WRITE;
for (int cur_t = 0; cur_t < a.getNThds(); cur_t++)
{
cache_simulator->in_dcache_in_valid[cur_t] = 0;
}
}
cache_simulator->clk = 0;
cache_simulator->eval();
m_trace->dump(2*curr_cycle+1);
curr_cycle++;
}
}
}
void Core::warpScheduler()
{
int numSteps = 0;
bool cont;
do
{
numSteps++;
schedule_w = (schedule_w+1) % w.size();
bool has_active_threads = (w[schedule_w].activeThreads > 0);
bool stalled = stallWarp[schedule_w];
cont = ((!has_active_threads) || (stalled)) && (numSteps <= w.size());
// cout << "&&&&&&&WID: " << schedule_w << '\n';
// cout << "activeThreads: " << w[schedule_w].activeThreads << "\t!has_active_threads: " << (!has_active_threads) << '\n';
// cout << "stalled: " << stalled << '\n';
// cout << "numSteps: " << numSteps << " CONT: " << cont << '\n';
} while (cont);
if (numSteps > w.size())
{
this->foundSchedule = false;
}
else
{
this->foundSchedule = true;
}
}
void Core::fetch()
{
#ifdef PRINT_ACTIVE_THREADS
cout << endl << "Threads:";
#endif
// D(-1, "Found schedule: " << foundSchedule);
if ((!inst_in_scheduler.stalled) && (inst_in_fetch.fetch_stall_cycles == 0))
{
// CPY_TRACE(inst_in_decode, inst_in_fetch);
// if (w[schedule_w].activeThreads)
{
INIT_TRACE(inst_in_fetch);
if (foundSchedule)
{
D(3, "Core step stepping warp " << schedule_w << '[' << w[schedule_w].activeThreads << ']');
w[schedule_w].step(&inst_in_fetch);
D(3, "Now " << w[schedule_w].activeThreads << " active threads in " << schedule_w);
this->getCacheDelays(&inst_in_fetch);
if (inst_in_fetch.stall_warp)
{
stallWarp[inst_in_fetch.wid] = true;
}
}
warpScheduler();
}
}
else
{
inst_in_fetch.stalled = false;
if (inst_in_fetch.fetch_stall_cycles > 0) inst_in_fetch.fetch_stall_cycles--;
}
printTrace(&inst_in_fetch, "Fetch");
// #ifdef PRINT_ACTIVE_THREADS
for (unsigned j = 0; j < w[schedule_w].tmask.size(); ++j) {
if (w[schedule_w].activeThreads > j && w[schedule_w].tmask[j]) cout << " 1";
else cout << " 0";
if (j != w[schedule_w].tmask.size()-1 || schedule_w != w.size()-1) cout << ',';
}
// #endif
#ifdef PRINT_ACTIVE_THREADS
cout << endl;
#endif
}
void Core::decode()
{
if ((inst_in_fetch.fetch_stall_cycles == 0) && !inst_in_scheduler.stalled)
{
CPY_TRACE(inst_in_decode, inst_in_fetch);
INIT_TRACE(inst_in_fetch);
}
//printTrace(&inst_in_decode, "Decode");
}
void Core::scheduler()
{
if (!inst_in_scheduler.stalled)
{
CPY_TRACE(inst_in_scheduler, inst_in_decode);
INIT_TRACE(inst_in_decode);
}
//printTrace(&inst_in_scheduler, "scheduler");
}
void Core::load_store()
{
bool do_nothing = false;
if ((inst_in_lsu.mem_stall_cycles > 0) || (inst_in_lsu.stalled))
{
// LSU currently busy
if ((inst_in_scheduler.is_lw || inst_in_scheduler.is_sw))
{
inst_in_scheduler.stalled = true;
}
do_nothing = true;
}
else
{
// LSU not busy
if (inst_in_scheduler.is_lw || inst_in_scheduler.is_sw)
{
// Scheduler has LSU inst
bool scheduler_srcs_ready = true;
if (inst_in_scheduler.rs1 > 0)
{
scheduler_srcs_ready = scheduler_srcs_ready && renameTable[inst_in_scheduler.wid][inst_in_scheduler.rs1];
}
if (inst_in_scheduler.rs2 > 0)
{
scheduler_srcs_ready = scheduler_srcs_ready && renameTable[inst_in_scheduler.wid][inst_in_scheduler.rs2];
}
if(inst_in_scheduler.vs1 > 0)
{
scheduler_srcs_ready = scheduler_srcs_ready && vecRenameTable[inst_in_scheduler.vs1];
}
if(inst_in_scheduler.vs2 > 0)
{
scheduler_srcs_ready = scheduler_srcs_ready && vecRenameTable[inst_in_scheduler.vs2];
}
if (scheduler_srcs_ready)
{
if (inst_in_scheduler.rd != -1) renameTable[inst_in_scheduler.wid][inst_in_scheduler.rd] = false;
if (inst_in_scheduler.rd != -1) vecRenameTable[inst_in_scheduler.vd] = false;
CPY_TRACE(inst_in_lsu, inst_in_scheduler);
INIT_TRACE(inst_in_scheduler);
}
else
{
inst_in_scheduler.stalled = true;
// INIT_TRACE(inst_in_lsu);
do_nothing = true;
}
}
else
{
// INIT_TRACE(inst_in_lsu);
do_nothing = true;
}
}
if (inst_in_lsu.mem_stall_cycles > 0) inst_in_lsu.mem_stall_cycles--;
//printTrace(&inst_in_lsu, "LSU");
}
void Core::execute_unit()
{
// cout << "$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ EXE START\n";
bool do_nothing = false;
// EXEC is always not busy
if (inst_in_scheduler.is_lw || inst_in_scheduler.is_sw)
{
// Not an execute instruction
// INIT_TRACE(inst_in_exe);
do_nothing = true;
}
else
{
bool scheduler_srcs_ready = true;
if (inst_in_scheduler.rs1 > 0)
{
scheduler_srcs_ready = scheduler_srcs_ready && renameTable[inst_in_scheduler.wid][inst_in_scheduler.rs1];
// cout << "Rename RS1: " << inst_in_scheduler.rs1 << " is " << renameTable[inst_in_scheduler.wid][inst_in_scheduler.rs1] << " wid: " << inst_in_scheduler.wid << '\n';
}
if (inst_in_scheduler.rs2 > 0)
{
scheduler_srcs_ready = scheduler_srcs_ready && renameTable[inst_in_scheduler.wid][inst_in_scheduler.rs2];
// cout << "Rename RS2: " << inst_in_scheduler.rs1 << " is " << renameTable[inst_in_scheduler.wid][inst_in_scheduler.rs2] << " wid: " << inst_in_scheduler.wid << '\n';
}
if(inst_in_scheduler.vs1 > 0)
{
scheduler_srcs_ready = scheduler_srcs_ready && vecRenameTable[inst_in_scheduler.vs1];
}
if(inst_in_scheduler.vs2 > 0)
{
scheduler_srcs_ready = scheduler_srcs_ready && vecRenameTable[inst_in_scheduler.vs2];
}
if (scheduler_srcs_ready)
{
if (inst_in_scheduler.rd != -1) {
// cout << "rename setting rd: " << inst_in_scheduler.rd << " to not useabel wid: " << inst_in_scheduler.wid << '\n';
renameTable[inst_in_scheduler.wid][inst_in_scheduler.rd] = false;
}
if(inst_in_scheduler.vd != -1) {
vecRenameTable[inst_in_scheduler.vd] = false;
}
CPY_TRACE(inst_in_exe, inst_in_scheduler);
INIT_TRACE(inst_in_scheduler);
}
else
{
cout << "&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& EXECUTE SRCS NOT READY\n";
inst_in_scheduler.stalled = true;
// INIT_TRACE(inst_in_exe);
do_nothing = true;
}
}
// if (!do_nothing)
// {
// }
//printTrace(&inst_in_exe, "execute_unit");
// INIT_TRACE(inst_in_exe);
}
void Core::writeback()
{
if (inst_in_wb.rd > 0) renameTable[inst_in_wb.wid][inst_in_wb.rd] = true;
if (inst_in_wb.vd > 0) vecRenameTable[inst_in_wb.vd] = true;
if (inst_in_wb.stall_warp)
{
stallWarp[inst_in_wb.wid] = false;
// release_warp = true;
// release_warp_num = inst_in_wb.wid;
}
INIT_TRACE(inst_in_wb);
bool serviced_exe = false;
bool serviced_mem = false;
if ((inst_in_exe.rd > 0) || (inst_in_exe.stall_warp))
{
CPY_TRACE(inst_in_wb, inst_in_exe);
INIT_TRACE(inst_in_exe);
serviced_exe = true;
// cout << "WRITEBACK SERVICED EXE\n";
}
if (inst_in_lsu.is_sw)
{
INIT_TRACE(inst_in_lsu);
}
else
{
if (((inst_in_lsu.rd > 0) || (inst_in_lsu.vd > 0)) && (inst_in_lsu.mem_stall_cycles == 0))
{
if (serviced_exe)
{
cout << "$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ Stalling LSU because EXE is being used\n";
inst_in_lsu.stalled = true;
}
else
{
serviced_mem = true;
CPY_TRACE(inst_in_wb, inst_in_lsu);
INIT_TRACE(inst_in_lsu);
}
}
}
// if (!serviced_exe && !serviced_mem) INIT_TRACE(inst_in_wb);
//printTrace(&inst_in_wb, "Writeback");
}
bool Core::running() const {
bool stages_have_valid = inst_in_fetch.valid_inst || inst_in_decode.valid_inst || inst_in_scheduler.valid_inst ||
inst_in_lsu.valid_inst || inst_in_exe.valid_inst || inst_in_wb.valid_inst;
if (stages_have_valid) return true;
for (unsigned i = 0; i < w.size(); ++i)
if (w[i].running())
{
cout << "Warp ID " << i << " is running\n";
return true;
}
return false;
}
void Core::printStats() const {
unsigned long insts = 0;
for (unsigned i = 0; i < w.size(); ++i)
insts += w[i].insts;
cerr << "Total steps: " << steps << endl;
for (unsigned i = 0; i < w.size(); ++i) {
cout << "=== Warp " << i << " ===" << endl;
w[i].printStats();
}
}
Warp::Warp(Core *c, Word id) :
core(c), pc(0x80000000), interruptEnable(true),
supervisorMode(true), activeThreads(0), reg(0), pred(0),
shadowReg(core->a.getNRegs()), shadowPReg(core->a.getNPRegs()), id(id),
spawned(false), steps(0), insts(0), loads(0), stores(0), VLEN(1024)
{
D(3, "Creating a new thread with PC: " << hex << this->pc << '\n');
/* Build the register file. */
Word regNum(0);
for (Word j = 0; j < core->a.getNThds(); ++j) {
reg.push_back(vector<Reg<Word> >(0));
for (Word i = 0; i < core->a.getNRegs(); ++i) {
reg[j].push_back(Reg<Word>(id, regNum++));
}
pred.push_back(vector<Reg<bool> >(0));
for (Word i = 0; i < core->a.getNPRegs(); ++i) {
pred[j].push_back(Reg<bool>(id, regNum++));
}
bool act = false;
if (j == 0) act = true;
tmask.push_back(act);
shadowTmask.push_back(act);
}
Word csrNum(0);
for (Word i = 0; i < (1<<12); i++)
{
csr.push_back(Reg<uint16_t>(id, regNum++));
}
/* Set initial register contents. */
reg[0][0] = (core->a.getNThds()<<(core->a.getWordSize()*8 / 2)) | id;
}
void Warp::step(trace_inst_t * trace_inst) {
Size fetchPos(0), decPos, wordSize(core->a.getWordSize());
vector<Byte> fetchBuffer(wordSize);
if (activeThreads == 0) return;
// ++steps;
D(3, "in step pc=0x" << hex << pc);
cout << "help: in PC: " << hex << pc << dec << '\n';
// std::cout << "pc: " << hex << pc << "\n";
trace_inst->pc = pc;
/* Fetch and decode. */
if (wordSize < sizeof(pc)) pc &= ((1ll<<(wordSize*8))-1);
Instruction *inst;
bool fetchMore;
fetchMore = false;
unsigned fetchSize(wordSize - (pc+fetchPos)%wordSize);
fetchBuffer.resize(fetchPos + fetchSize);
Word fetched = core->mem.fetch(pc + fetchPos, supervisorMode);
writeWord(fetchBuffer, fetchPos, fetchSize, fetched);
decPos = 0;
inst = core->iDec.decode(fetchBuffer, decPos, trace_inst);
D(3, "Fetched at 0x" << hex << pc);
D(3, "0x" << hex << pc << ": " << *inst);
// Update pc
pc += decPos;
// Execute
inst->executeOn(*this, trace_inst);
// At Debug Level 3, print debug info after each instruction.
// #ifdef USE_DEBUG
// if (USE_DEBUG >= 3) {
D(3, "Register state:");
for (unsigned i = 0; i < reg[0].size(); ++i) {
D_RAW(" %r" << setfill(' ') << setw(2) << dec << i << ':');
for (unsigned j = 0; j < (this->activeThreads); ++j)
D_RAW(' ' << setfill('0') << setw(8) << hex << reg[j][i] << setfill(' ') << ' ');
D_RAW('(' << shadowReg[i] << ')' << endl);
}
D(3, "Thread mask:");
D_RAW(" ");
for (unsigned i = 0; i < tmask.size(); ++i) D_RAW(tmask[i] << ' ');
D_RAW(endl);
D_RAW(endl);
D_RAW(endl);
// }
// #endif
// Clean up.
delete inst;
}
bool Warp::interrupt(Word r0) {
if (!interruptEnable) return false;
#ifdef EMU_INSTRUMENTATION
Harp::OSDomain::osDomain->do_int(0, r0);
#endif
shadowActiveThreads = activeThreads;
shadowTmask = tmask;
shadowInterruptEnable = interruptEnable; /* For traps. */
shadowSupervisorMode = supervisorMode;
for (Word i = 0; i < reg[0].size(); ++i) shadowReg[i] = reg[0][i];
for (Word i = 0; i < pred[0].size(); ++i) shadowPReg[i] = pred[0][i];
for (Word i = 0; i < reg.size(); ++i) tmask[i] = 1;
shadowPc = pc;
activeThreads = 1;
interruptEnable = false;
supervisorMode = true;
reg[0][0] = r0;
pc = core->interruptEntry;
return true;
}
void Warp::printStats() const {
cout << "Steps : " << steps << endl
<< "Insts : " << insts << endl
<< "Loads : " << loads << endl
<< "Stores: " << stores << endl;
unsigned const grade = reg[0][28];
if (grade == 1) cout << "GRADE: PASSED\n";
else cout << "GRADE: FAILED " << (grade >> 1) << "\n";
}