elasticsearch/docs/reference/query-languages/sql/sql-index-patterns.md

mapped_pages
https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/current/sql-index-patterns.html

Index patterns [sql-index-patterns]

Elasticsearch SQL supports two types of patterns for matching multiple indices or tables:

{{es}} multi-target syntax [sql-index-patterns-multi]

The {{es}} notation for enumerating, including or excluding multi-target syntax is supported as long as it is quoted or escaped as a table identifier.

For example:

SHOW TABLES "*,-l*";

 catalog       |     name      | type     |     kind
---------------+---------------+----------+---------------
javaRestTest      |emp            |TABLE     |INDEX
javaRestTest      |employees      |VIEW      |ALIAS

Notice the pattern is surrounded by double quotes ". It enumerated * meaning all indices however it excludes (due to -) all indices that start with l. This notation is very convenient and powerful as it allows both inclusion and exclusion, depending on the target naming convention.

The same kind of patterns can also be used to query multiple indices or tables.

For example:

SELECT emp_no FROM "e*p" LIMIT 1;

    emp_no
---------------
10001

::::{note} There is the restriction that all resolved concrete tables have the exact same mapping. ::::

[preview] To run a {{ccs}}, specify a cluster name using the <remote_cluster>:<target> syntax, where <remote_cluster> maps to a SQL catalog (cluster) and <target> to a table (index or data stream). The <remote_cluster> supports wildcards (*) and <target> can be an index pattern.

For example:

SELECT emp_no FROM "my*cluster:*emp" LIMIT 1;

    emp_no
---------------
10001

SQL LIKE notation [sql-index-patterns-like]

The common LIKE statement (including escaping if needed) to match a wildcard pattern, based on one _ or multiple % characters.

Using SHOW TABLES command again:

SHOW TABLES LIKE 'emp%';

 catalog       |     name      | type     |     kind
---------------+---------------+----------+---------------
javaRestTest      |emp            |TABLE     |INDEX
javaRestTest      |employees      |VIEW      |ALIAS

The pattern matches all tables that start with emp.

This command supports escaping as well, for example:

SHOW TABLES LIKE 'emp!%' ESCAPE '!';

 catalog       |     name      |     type      |     kind
---------------+---------------+---------------+---------------

Notice how now emp% does not match any tables because %, which means match zero or more characters, has been escaped by ! and thus becomes an regular char. And since there is no table named emp%, an empty table is returned.

In a nutshell, the differences between the two type of patterns are:

Feature	Multi index	SQL LIKE
Type of quoting	"	'
Inclusion	Yes	Yes
Exclusion	Yes	No
Enumeration	Yes	No
One char pattern	No	_
Multi char pattern	*	%
Escaping	No	ESCAPE

Which one to use, is up to you however try to stick to the same one across your queries for consistency.

::::{note} As the query type of quoting between the two patterns is fairly similar (" vs '), Elasticsearch SQL always requires the keyword LIKE for SQL LIKE pattern. ::::